Artificial minimal living cells and their substructures are quantum mechanically self-assembling due to competition of weak electrostatic forces and weak attraction Van der Waals dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonds originated due to electron correlation interactions among biological and water molecules. The best available method to simulate in minimal cells these weak electrostatic and Van der Waals dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonds is to perform quantum mechanical non-local density functional potential calculations of artificial minimal living cells consisting of around 400 atoms. The cell systems studied are based on peptide nucleic acid and are 3.0 – 4.5 nm in diameter. The electron tunneling and associated light absorption of most intense transitions as calculated by the time dependent density functional theory method differs from spectroscopic experiments by only 0.3 nm, which are within the value of experiment errors. This agreement implies that the quantum mechanically self-assembled structure of artificial minimal living cells very closely approximate the realistic ones.

  Analysis of time dependent density functional theory method calculated absorption spectrum and images of electron transfer trajectories in the different excited states allow to separate two different logically controlled functions of molecular device consisting of guanine-cytosine-PNA-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-1,4-bis (N, N-dimethylamino) naphthalene supermolecule and Van der Waals bonded precursor of fatty acid molecule. These two different logically controlled functions of artificial minimal living cells are: 1) initiation of metabolic fatty acid production in five excited states or 2) initiation of gene dehybridization in one excited state. This designed supermolecule works in the artificial minimal cell as molecular electronics classic OR logic function (Boolean logics OR gate).

  This review (in Japanese) highlights the results on the Stardust mission organics preliminary examination of the returned Comet 81P/Wild 2 particles, based on the Science article published in December 15, 2006. The recent developments of studies on organics in chondritic meteorites and/or interstellar dust particles using modern instruments are also described for seeking relations of organic characteristics among the three extraterrestrial samples. In addition, potential chemistry for which cometary and meteoritic organics were responsible as a source of exogenous delivery to the early Earth is discussed.