All issues
Volume 87, Issue 2
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 59-60
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3010K) -
Mototada ShichiriArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 61-69
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe central nervous system is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damages and it has been suggested that oxidative stresses might play an important role in the pathogenesis of some of congenital neurological disorders. We verified effects of antioxidant medications in fetal stage and newborn period, on congenital neurological disorders, using cultured cells and model mice. We used vitamin E, (α- and γ-tocopherols or α- and γ-tocotrienols) as antioxidants. It is reported that tocopherol and tocotrienol can be delivered from pregnant rats to their fetal brain via their placenta. Vitamin E had a protective effect against methylmercury neurotoxicity in the analysis of the cell viability and migration of cerebellar granule cells. Chronic supplementation of α-tocopherol from the embryonic stage in Ts65Dn mice, a model mouse of Down syndrome, improved both hypocellularity in the hippocampus and impaired spatial learning. These results imply the potential benefit of vitamin E treatment to congenital neurological disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (7222K) -
Akihiro TaiArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 70-80
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to characterize the antioxidant properties of three ascorbic acid (AsA) derivatives O-substituted at the C-2 position of AsA: ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA-2G), ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA-2P), and ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AA-2S). The radical-scavenging activities of these AsA derivatives and some common low molecular-weight antioxidants such as uric acid and reduced glutathione (GSH) against 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS^<・+>) or galvinoxyl radical were kinetically and stoichiometrically evaluated under pH-controlled conditions. AA-2G, AA-2P and AA-2S slowly and continuously reacted with DPPH radical and ABTS^<・+>, but not with galvinoxyl radical. They effectively reacted with DPPH radical under acidic conditions and with ABTS^<・+> under neutral conditions. In contrast, AsA immediately quenched all species of radicals tested at all pH values. The reactivity of Trolox, a water-soluble vitamin E analogue, was comparable to that of AsA in terms of kinetics and stoichiometrics. Uric acid and GSH exhibited long-lasting radical-scavenging activity against these radicals under certain pH conditions. The radical-scavenging profiles of AA-2G, AA-2P and AA-2S were closer to those of uric acid and GSH rather than to that of AsA. The number of radicals scavenged by one molecule of the AsA derivatives was equal to or greater than that by AsA or Trolox under the appropriate conditions. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of AA-2G, AA-2P and AA-2S on 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes were studied and were compared with those of AsA and other antioxidants. The order of the inhibition efficiency was AA-2S≥Trolox=uric acid≥AA-2P>AA-2G=AsA>GSH. Although the reactivity of the AsA derivatives against AAPH-derived peroxyl radical (ROO^・) was much lower than that of AsA, the derivatives exerted equal or more potent protective effects on AAPH-induced hemolysis. In addition, the AsA derivatives were found to react per se with DPPH radical and ABTS^<・+> and ROO^・, not via AsA as an intermediate. These results suggest that the AsA derivatives per se act as biologically effective antioxidants under moderate oxidative stress and that AA-2G and AA-2P may be able to act under severe oxidative stress after enzymatic conversion to AsA in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (1123K) -
Jiro Arima, Kenji InagakiArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 81-82
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (269K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 83-84
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (243K) -
Masaru Kuriyama, Tadanori HamanoArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 85-89
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical problems associated with vitamin B_1(B_1), vitamin B_<12> (B_<12>) and folic acid deficiencies have been reported. Recently, B_1 deficiency has been observed in aged people with diabetes mellitus or in patients with gastrectomy. Other vitamins as well as B_1 should be supplied for treatment of these patients. Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from B_1 deficiency. Even if patients are diagnosed as hiving Wernicke's encephalopathy, insufficient treatment of the disorder is followed by mental sequelae such as Korsakoff syndrome. The guideline of treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy has to be established in Japan. B_<12> deficiency induces peripheral neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord or encephalopathy. B_<12> is one of the drugs for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodegenerative disease, and treatment of ALS with ultrahigh dose B_<12> has been tried. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) is increased in the deficient state of B_<12>, B_6 or folic acid. The detailed mechanism for the effect of Hcy on cognitive function is unknown. However, it has been reported that Hcy induces apoptosis of neuronal cells directly or activates the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Many clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of B_<12>, B_6, and folic acid on disorders with cognitive dysfunction as well as Alzheimer's disease have been reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (2753K) -
Masahito Shimizu, Hisataka MoriwakiArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 90-94
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a high rate of its intrahepatic recurrence. Therefore, the development of a chemopreventive agent that can decrease or delay the incidence of recurrence will improve the clinical outcome of HCC patients. A malfunction of the retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα) due to phosphorylation by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway is profoundly involved in liver carcinogenesis and thus may be a promising target for HCC chemoprevention. Acyclic retinoid (ACR), which inhibits Ras-MAPK activation and RXRα phosphorylation, successfully improves the survival of HCC patients by preventing the recurrence of the tumor and the formation of secondary tumors. The fundamental concept of HCC chemoprevention by ACR is "clonal deletion and inhibition" therapy, which is defined as the removal and inhibition of latent malignant clones from the liver before they expand into clinically detectable HCC. "Combination chemoprevention" using ACR as the key drug has a great potential to become an effective strategy for the prevention of liver carcinogenesis because of its synergism. ACR also inhibits obesity-related liver tumorigenesis in the rodent model, indicating that this agent may prevent the development of HCC in obese people who are at an increased risk to HCC. In summary, both basic and clinical researches strongly suggest that ACR plays a critical role in preventing the development of HCC.View full abstractDownload PDF (3199K) -
Noboru KuboderaArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 95-103
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vitamin D research, there are three milestones from the perspective of pharmaceutical studies. The first represents the early stage of vitamin D research and involves the discovery of vitamin D and its physiological significance as an anti-rickets factor. The second is the elucidation of the vitamin D activation pathway in the body and the discovery of the biologically active metabolites of vitamin D. The clinical application of active vitamin D or its prodrug was also attempted to make up for the deficiency caused by poor vitamin D activation. The third is characterized by the discovery of the differentiation-inducing properties of active vitamin D. This showed the diversity of the physiological actions of active vitamin D, which initially had been thought only to contribute to bone and calcium metabolism. Because these physiological actions were clinically useful, the third discovery revealed opportunities for the development of drugs appropriate to specific purposes by synthesizing analogs to separate biological effects. Active vitamin D analogs based on the findings during the third milestone are now commercially available and are contributing to current clinical practice. This article discusses the various milestones outlining vitamin D and analogs in terms of clinical applications and pharmaceutical studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (940K) -
Jun IwamotoArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 104-109
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two naturally occurring forms of vitamin K, vitamin K_1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K_2 (menaquinones). It has been found that phylloquinone and menaquinones are converted to menaquinone-4 (active form of vitamin K) and can subsequently act exerts their physiological function in the tissue. Clinical studies have shown the relations between vitamin K status and diseases such as osteoporosis, knee osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, artherosclerosis, and cancer. Vitamin K deficiency increases the risk of fractures in the elderly women. Vitamin K_1 reduces the risk of fractures in postmenopausal Western women, while vitamin K_2 (menaquinone-4) is used as an anti-fracture medicine in Japanese patients with osteoporosis. Inadequate intake of vitamin K is found at the advanced stages of knee osteoarthritis and at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. Vitamin K_2 intake reduces the risk of coronary heart disease in Western people and the incidence hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients with viral cirrhosis of the liver. Vitamin K is suggested to play an important role as an anti-aging medicine. Currently, vitamin K_2 is used in the treatments of osteoporosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the clinical practice.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Rie Mukai, Hisao Nemoto, Takeshi Nikawa, Junji TeraoArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 110-112
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (344K) -
Koji FukuiArticle type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 113-115
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2329K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 116-118
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (379K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 118-120
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (770K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 120-123
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3718K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 123-125
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (443K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 126-128
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (286K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 129-
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3649K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 130-
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (161K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 131-
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (197K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 131-132
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (308K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 132-
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (168K) -
Article type: Bibliography
2013 Volume 87 Issue 2 Pages 133-137
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (462K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|