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Volume 1969 (1969)
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- Issue 8 Pages 1-
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Volume 1969, Issue 8
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Akio NAKAZAWA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 1-9
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Masamoto SHIMIZU1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 10-19
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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I. The Effect of Soil Type on the Activity of HerbicidesKazunori IBARAKI, Kenji NODA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 20-24
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA laboratory test was conducted to determine the effect of soil type on the activity of fifteen herbicides. With cucumber and wheat seedlings, bioassay for fourteen days following herbicide application was made in quartz sand and four soils: Shiroishi polder soil containing montmorillonite clay, Tamana red-yellow soil with kaolinite clay, Choyo volcanic ash soil with allophane clay and 13.1% organic matter, and Kodonbaru volcanic ash soil with allophane clay and 32.1% organic matter.
While there were exhibited slight interactions between herbicides and soils, it was generally shown that Choyo and Kodonbaru volcanic ash soils similarly inactivated herbicides most strongly of the four soils, presumably due to soil colloid adsorption, being followed in order by Shiroishi polder soil and Tamana red-yellow soil. Noticeable herbicidal behavior was found with 2, 4-D, dichlobenil, CIPC, and MCPCA ([4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy] aceto-o-chloranilide) whose inactivation was little or not in Tamana red-yellow soil and Shiroishi polder soil of crystalline clay minerals, whereas great in both volcanic ash soils.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K) -
Shooji FURUYA, Takayoshi KATAOKA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 24-28
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined to clarify the factors affecting the injury of 4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-2-methylthio-1, 3, 5-triazine (simetryne) to rice plants. The results were as follows:
1) In the soil-incorporated treatment of simetryne with non-flooded conditions, the injury on the germinating rice plants was much great in higher soil moisture and in higher temperature. Although the injury was greater in the coarse sandy loam than in the light clay, the difference was slight.
2) In the soil-incorporated treatment with flooded conditions, the injury on the early-staged rice plants was remarkably greater in the coarse sandy loam than in the light clay.
3) In the case of application on the soil surface under water, the injury on the early-staged rice plants was greater in the shallowly-flooded (1cm) than in the deeply-flooded (4cm), while the difference in the injury among three temperatures was not great.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Suema EGUCHI, Kenji NODA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 28-32
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain basic information for creating the way of alleviating the toxicity of PCP granule to fish and shell-fish, we have performed the investigation about distribution and persistence of PCP granule in water and soil in cases of some different application methods on transplanted rice paddy fields in 1964.
PCP granule incorporated into soil before transplanting of rice seedlings remained longer and more deeply distributed in soil than one applied on the surface of soil after transplanting. This tells us that the incorporation method should be more effective in protecting fish and shell-fish from toxicity that may occur owing to a heavy rainfall.
On the other hand, effect of weeding was found to be highest in a case where PCP was incorporated into soil at the time of rough-puddling before transplanting, but the damage of rice seedlingss and their recovery was found to be lighter and faster, respectively, in a case of surface application after transplanting, than in other methods.
Generally speaking, the most suitable application method of PCP granule or PCP and fertilizer mixtures should be taken into consideration from two points of veiw; first, security to fish and shell-fish and, secondly, effectiveness as a herbicide.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Hiroshi NAKAMURA, Shooichi MATSUNAKA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 33-39
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to obtain some informations on the properties of 3, 4-dichloropropionanilide (propanil) and some analogous chemicals, i. e. N-chloro-3, 4-dichloropropionanilide (N-Cl-propanil), N-methyl-3, 4-dichloropropionanilide (N-CH3-propanil), 3, 4-dichlorocyclopropane-carboxanilide (cypromid), N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-2-methylpentamide (solan), methyl N-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl) carbamate (swep) and isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (CIPC).
In foliar application, barnyardgrass and radish were injured seriously by propanil, N-Cl-propanil, solan, cypromid and swep. Rice plant was rather resistant to swep but injured by solan and cypromid. N-Cl-propanil has selective phytotoxicity on rice plant as well as propanil. N-CH3-propanil and CIPC showed weak injury to both rice plant and barnyardgrass.
Hill reaction of spinach chloroplast was strongly inhibited by propanil (I50=2.2×10-6M), N-Cl-propanil (I50=2.8×10-6M), cypromid (I50=1.3×10-6M), solan (I50=1.1×10-6M) and swep (I50=3.3×10-6M) but slightly affected by N-CH3-propanil (I50=7.5×10-4M) and CIPC (I50=1×10-4M).
Photosynthesis of rice plant and barnyardgrass was inhibited completely soon after the foliar application of cypromid, solan, N-CH3-propanil and swep. The inhibition in both plants treated by N-CH3-propanil recovered soon, whereas in the case of solan and cypromid few recovery was observed. Rice plant treated by swep showed considerable recovery in photosynthetic activity although rice homogenate could not hydrolize swep molecule.
Rice leaf homogenates hydrolized only propanil and N-Cl-propanil.View full abstractDownload PDF (962K) -
Tunehiko OHYA, Seiichi ISHIDA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 39-42
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth of callus from rice plant and carrot plant was inhibited by CIPC and MCC. It indicates that these herbicides have other growth inhibiting site (s) besides photosynthesis.
Bud formation of carrot callus was completely inhibited by 5.5×10-6M CIPC, but weakly by MCC (5×10-5M). This fact suggests that there should be qualitative differences between mode of action of CIPC and that of MCC.
The selective action of MCC between rice and carrot in intact plants was not observed in the case of the callus growth.
CIPC: isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate
MCC: methyl N-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl) carbamateView full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Part I. Herbicidal Activity of the Derivatives of 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole SeriesHiroshi KUBO, Isao HAMURA, Shigeki OSUGA, Rokuro SATO1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 42-46
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of 2-substituted 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (type A), 5-substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolin-2-one (type B), 5-substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolin-2-thione (type C), 5-substituted-3-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolin-2-one (type D), and 5-substituted-3-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolin-2-thione (type E) was prepared, and the herbicidal activity was evaluated by pre-emergence, post-emergence, and irrigated water treatment method. Those compounds containing halogenated phenoxymethyl radical in the side chain of type A, B, C, D, and E have shown pronounced activity in the irrigated water treatment. Compounds of type B were less phytotoxic to rice plant compared with type A. While herbicidal activity of type D increased somehow in the pre-emergence treatment as compared with type B. Replacement of O atom at position 2 of type B or D with S atom, namely to give type C or E, decreased activity. No special effect was obtained as for 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole nucleus.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
Taketo TAKAO, Shoichi SHOYAMA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 46-50
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical weed control in rush plant (Juncus effusus L. var. decipiens Buch.) cultivation in paddy fild was examined during 1964 to 1967. The results were as follows:
(1) For the control of summer weeds, the effect of prometryne (8-9g/a) or NIP (nitrofen) (40g/a) was superior without any injury in growth of rush plants.
(2) The most suitable period of these treatment was 4-5 days after planting.
(3) For control of winter weeds, mainly Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. amurensis Ohwi, the application of 20g/a CIPC was effective in the second ten days of October.View full abstractDownload PDF (2314K) -
I. Physiological and Ecological Properties of the Propagation of KuroguwaiKunikazu UEKI, Yasuo NAKAMURA, Seiichi ONO1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 50-56
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the formation of tubers of Kuroguwai (Eleocharis kuroguwai) and the germination from tuber were studied in order to obtain some fundamental informations for controling this weed.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The thickening apex rhizome develops as a grobular tuber having 4-6 buds at the top.
The primordium of root and stem is located in the middle of the bud.
The negative-geotropism of the rhizome found in the lower part of the bud is one of the characteristic properties of Kuroguwai.
(2) The mature tubers keep dormancy during winter. But, the buds are able to develop if the prepuce covering the buds is removed. Moreover, the buds cut off from the tuber can develop without the tuber.
(3) It seems that the development of tubers is promoted by short-day, but inhibited by the cutting of the stems at the primary stage of the development.
(4) The elongation of the negative-geotropic rhizome is promoted under low O2-concentration and dark condition, whereas the differentiation of stem and root is promoted under high O2-concentration and light condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (2597K) -
Hideo MATSUBARA, Hiroshi NAKAMURA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 56-61
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Kuroguwai (Eleocharis tuberosa Shult. var. kuroguwai Makino), a perennial weed in paddy field, is one of the most difficult-to-control weed because of the irregular sprouting based on several factors as follows: i) Tubers were found evenly at various depths in the soil, up to subsoil. ii) During late autumn, the end of growing season of this weed, tubers were quite dormant, but this dormancy began to break in the next spring, and awaked condition continued during the rest of summer. Some tubers would be alive during more than one year without sprouting. iii) Furthermore, bud dormancy of the larger tubers located at the lower level of soil showed slower breaking than that of smaller ones at upper level.
2) Soil applications of chlorothiamid or amitrole at the early stage of tuber formation killed the foliage almost completely, and subsequent formation of tubers was considerably prevented, while MCP was less effective.
3) Soil applications of amitrole at three ripening stages of rice plant did not dicrease rice yield, and not prevented tuber formation, but amitrole accumulated in rice seeds and tubers of kuroguwai brought about toxicities such as chlorosis to their seedlings.
4) Kuroguwai grown in upland field, were completely controled by foliage application of paraquat before tuber formation. It is appeared, in practice, that one to three times applications are the most effective measure for the control of this weed, considering their sluggish sprouting.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Part II. Influences of Environment in Growing Wheat or Barley on Crabgrass PopulationHiroshi SANO, Akio NAKAZAWA, Takeshi KOIWA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 61-65
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was carried out in order to compare the germination speed of crabgrass (Digitaria adscendens Henrald) among the 3 plots, bare land (A) and 2 levels of distance between the rows of wheat or barley (60cm (B) and 20cm (C)).
(1) The germination speed of crabgrass in each of treatments may be arranged in such a order as A>B>C.
(2) The growth stage of crabgrass at the havesting time of barley was the fifth leaf stage in bare land, the third stage in barley field, and the second stage in wheat field.
(3) The burried seeds in the soil of crabgrass have been almost broken their dormancy on February.
(4) The light intensities between the rows of growing barley or wheat was comparatively high and their amounts seemed to be enough.
(5) The period of the soil surface temperature over 25°C in the day time was very short in the plot C (20cm row), so that it was likely that the germination of crabgrass was retarded.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Hiroshi SAKAI, Tokuo SATO, Katsumi FUJIWARA, Yoshiaki OBA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 66-69
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe investigation was aimed to clarify the influence of cultivation practices on the weed damage to the spring-sown alfalfa.
The results obtained are as follows:
1. The kinds of weeds were mainly: dayflower, smartweed, marchcress and goosefoot at the first cutting, and large crabgrass at the second and third cuttings.
2. Both the difference in nitrogen fertilizer application and the density of seeding a big difference in the alfalfa yields and weed weights at the first cutting, but a small difference at the second and the third cuttings.
3. The more application of nitrogen fertilizer were obtained, the larger yields of alfalfa and weeds, but the ratio of their weights (alfalfa to weeds) remained almost unchanged.
4. In the case of lowdensity seeding (10cm×10cm·10cm×5cm) more amounts of alfalfa was found than weeds, whereas in the case of high density seeding (5cm×5cm·5cm×2.5cm), weeds exceeded alfalfa in the weight.
5. The timing of the first cuttings influenced the weights of alfalfa and weeds at the second cutting.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Kunikazu UEKI, Shooichi MATSUNAKA, Hiroshi NAKAMURA1969 Volume 1969 Issue 8 Pages 70-82
Published: August 30, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2220K)
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