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Volume 1971 (1971)
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Volume 1971, Issue 12
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Philip C. KEARNEY, Hideo CHISAKA1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 1-6
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Makoto KONNAI1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 7-13
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Shinko GOTO1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 14-22
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Yasuo KASAHARA1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 23-27
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Competitive Effects of Barnyardgrass at Successive Stages of RiceKenji NODA, Keio OZAWA, Shujiro SHIBAYAMA1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 28-32
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the competitive effects of barnyardgrass on the growth, yield, and some eco-physiological characters of rice were explained, and it had been considered that the effects might be different according to successive stages of rice. Therefore, over a period of three years, 1966, 1967, and 1968, the competitive effects of barnyardgrass at successive stages of rice have been experimentally confirmed, making to some extent different growing conditions of rice and barnyardgrass every years. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Summarizing the results of three years, two periods when rice was adversely and dramatically affected due to existence of baryardgrass, were found. The first period is around the maximum tillering stages of late July to early August, and another is ripening stages after heading from middle of September to early October.
2. Competition with barnyardgrass in the first period principally provided the decrease in panicle number resulting in the reduction of rough rice yield, particularly its degree was found highly under fertilized conditions which were made laying importance on basal application.
3. That in the second period gave the reduction of kernel weight as well as the decrease in the number of perfect kernels to cause the loss of yield, and was encouraged by fine climatic conditions with abundant sunlight besides fertilized conditions that is effective at later stages of rice.
4. There was an intermittent period receiving less competitive effects between the first and second ones above-mentioned, in which disappearing of non-effective tillers and the differentiation of panicles occur.
5. The productive structure of rice plants degenerated dramatically by competition with barnyardgrass, particularly the degeneration was markedly found in lowering the proportion of leafblade which is a main assimilative part.
6. The root system of rice coexisted with barnyardgrass was investigated comparing with that of weed-free rice. As a result, It was observed that spreading of the rice roots into the tillaged layer of soil is in a trend of inhibiting.View full abstractDownload PDF (2560K) -
II. Some Ecological Characteristics and Chemical Control of Ivy-leaved Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia L.)Takayuki TSURUUCHI1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 32-36
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Some ecological characteristics and chemical control of ivy-leaved speedwell, which was one of the most harmful weeds in wheat and barley fields in Nagasaki Prefecture, were investigated.
(2) The seeds stored in soil from June had awaked from dormancy by October.
(3) After sowing wheat in November the seedlings emerged rapidly and simultaneously under mild soil temperature condition, but slowly and took about 3 months up to 90 percent emergence under severe temperature condition.
There was little difference between the emergence curves of this weeds and of cleaver seedlings.
(4) Ivy-leaved speedwell is a winter annual weed in southern part of Japan. It flowered from February to April, dropped the fruits after the end of April and died in the end of May.
(5) The seedlings emerged from deep soil layer like cleaver, and the depth was 25mm. on the average and 60mm. in maximum.
(6) From reason of these characteristics, the effect of soil treatment herbicide such as CIPC was incomplete. Foliage treatments of ioxynil and PCP in growing period of the crop were very effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
Hisao EGUCHI, Jusuke HIRANO1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 36-39
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of tillage in autumn and spring, straw mulching and fertilization on weed communities were investigated in paddy field experiments in which the four treatments were repeatedly conducted from 1964 to 1967.
Tillage treatments affected on the amounts of Alopecurus aequalis and Lobelia chinensis. The amounts of Alopecurus aequalis decreased considerably in plots where non-tillage were assigned in autumn and spring.
Lobelia chinensis was remarkably supressed by the tillage treatment in autumn. And, it propagated well under the low fertilization level.
Rice straw mulch affected only on the amount of Polygonum lapathifolium and decreased it.
It was considered that herbicides used (paraquat and simazine) were very effective to Alopecurus aequalis under non-tillage condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
I. Effects of N·P2O5·K2O application on RumexHiroshi SAKAI, Tokuo SATO, Katsumi FUJIWARA, Yutaka SHIMADA1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 40-45
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is one of the experiments done in connection with the study of Rumex obtusifolius and is aimed at determining its reactions to fertilization.
1. Fertilizers, especially the nitrogenous fertilizer promote growth of Rumex and cause early formation of seedstalk and early efflorescence. Nitrogenous fertilizer promotes growth of both epigenous and hypogenous parts of Rumex.
2. Rates of content and quantities of Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid and Potassium vary according to growth stages and parts of the plant, but it generally contains more of the potassium and nitrogen and less phosphoric acid. That Rumex is excellent absorptive of fertilizers is considered one of the factors responsible for its exuberance in the sward.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
Kunisaku ISHII, Kisoo YAMAGI, Tatsuo MANABE1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 45-49
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Development of the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) was studied by planting single tuber in Kanto loam (fertilized volcanic ash soils) in the spring and evaluating the growth with excavations at bimonthly intervals after emergence.
Planted single tuber produced 4 plants and 6 tubers after two months, 99 plants and 144 tubers after four months, 1, 168 plants and 2, 324 tubers after six months.
2) TFP (2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro propionic acid-sodium salt) was applied as folia spray at purple nutsedge leaves at the forest nursery. It was highly effective herbicide without injury to SUGI (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), HINOKI (Chamaecyparis obtusa, S. et Z.) and AKAMATSU (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) one age seedling. Repeat applications of TFP (50+50g/a a. i.) were significantly better in terms of plants and tubers killed than single application (100g/a a. i.).View full abstractDownload PDF (4867K) -
Yoshitada KATO, Tatsuo MANABE, Kunisaku ISHII1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 49-52
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment were carried out to investigate the phytotoxicity for Kudzu (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) with TFP (2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro propionic acid-sodium salt) and DPA (2, 2-dichloropropionic acid-sodium salt) mixture.
Folia spraying of the about 1: 2.8 mixture of TFP (3kg a. i./ha) and DPA (8.5kg a. i./ha) eradicated all leaves, voluble stems, stocks and rhizomes but no killed the stock and rhizome with simple spraying of TFP (6kg a. i./ha) and DPA (17kg a. i./ha).View full abstractDownload PDF (2345K) -
Nobuo OGATA, Yasuo NAGATOMO1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 52-54
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Ichiro KIMURA, Nobumasa ICHIZEN, Shooichi MATSUNAKA1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 54-59
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMode of action of a new herbicide, benthiocarb [S-(4-chlorobenzyl) N, N-diethylthiolcarbamate, trade name: Saturn], was investigated. The herbicide had little effect on the Hill reaction of spinach chloroplasts, and on both photosynthesis of whole plants and respiration of excised roots in rice plant (Oryzae saliva) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli). Benthiocarb inhibited the α-amylase synthesis induced by added gibberellin in rice- and barnyardgrass-endosperms, but had no effect on the hydrolysis of starch by α-amylase preparation itself. It also inhibited the elongation of the laminaioints of excised rice leaves induced by added indoleacetic acid (IAA). In this case, benthiocarb jointly acted in an antagonic way, namely competitively, with IAA. From these results, the inhibition of protein synthesis through the competition at the auxin-acting site seemed to be one of the mode of actions of the herbicide.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Meiro ADACHI, Kenji HAMADA1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 59-64
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJoint action of herbicides was studied on combination of several photosynthesis-inhibitors.
Combination of paraquat with DCMU was antagonistic on phytotoxicities to Chlorella elipsoidea and tomato plants. It was assumed that paraquat decreased the activity of DCMU on light system II.
Similar joint actions were typically observed on combinations of related compounds, i. e. paraquat with diquat, simetryne with prometryne, and DCMU with linuron.
Combinations of propanil with its related compounds were synergistic on rice plants, but not Chlorella elipsoidea.View full abstractDownload PDF (693K) -
Effects on Soil NitrificationKatsuyoshi NOGUCHI, Akio NAKAZAWA1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 64-68
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of several herbicides on soil nitrification in volcanic ashes soil were examined by use of the soil perfusion technique.
The herbicides could be ranged in the following order of increasing effectiveness as inhibitors of oxidation of ammonia to nitrate: prometryne, lenacil<diphenamide, trifluralin<vernolate<MCPA<<swep, PCP.
PCP and swep were extremely inhibitory of nitrification, giving virtually complete inhibition in 215ppm or 200ppm, respectively. And these herbicides at their normal field rates could have a little inhibitory activity.
Nitrification proceeds by two successive steps, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and the subsequent oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. Inhibitory actions of swep was mainly on the process of NH4+→NO2-, and PCP was on the both process of NH4+→NO2- and NO2-→NO3-.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Kunikazu UEKI, Norihiro SHIMIZU, Minoru TAKABAYASHI, Takeshi KOIWA, Ka ...1971 Volume 1971 Issue 12 Pages 69-83
Published: October 20, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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