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Volume 1972 (1972)
- Issue 14 Pages 1-
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Volume 1972, Issue 14
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Yoshiji TOGARI1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 1-3
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Kyojiro NAKAGAWA1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 4-7
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Chemical and Biological ControlShooichi MATSUNAKA1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 8-11
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Concepts and Assessing Methods of InteractionHideo CHISAKA1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 12-18
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral concepts and assessing methods on the interaction in combination of chemicals, including insecticides, were reviewed.
Joint toxic action in insecticides, which was proposed by BLISS and developed by FINNEY, PLACKETT and others, has been adopted more or less for the assessment of interaction in herbicide combinations.
Various approaches in herbicide combinations were discussed, e. g. those of GOWING, COLBY, NAGASAWA, CRAFTS and TAMMES. The isobole method of TAMMES might be practically most useful.View full abstractDownload PDF (891K) -
Kenji NODA1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 19-23
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSagittaria pygmaea Miq., a perennial aquatic weed that is difficult to eliminate perfectly with application of herbicides already recommended for rice in Japan, has invaded widely in Southwestern regions of Japan and now poses a serious problem of weed control in lowland fields there. Accordingly, a study on ecology and control of this weed was inaugurated in 1969. Some of the results obtained from the experiments of 1969, 1970, and 1971 were here presented.
1. Taking into consideration with reference to developmental changes of underground parts and increasing aspects of plant number, the life span of Sagittaria pygmaea seems to be composed of four sequent periods of “Initial Emergence”, “Stolon Multiplication”, “Tuber Formation” and “Tuber Completion”.
2. The depth of emergence of Sagittaria pygmaea in the soil is not so deep as perennial Cyperaceaes. It was found in the 1970's experiment that 80 per cent of plants investigated was emergeable within 3.4cm deep and that of tubers wintering in the soil distributed by about 3.0cm beneath the soil surface.
3. The new stolon in an emerged plant differentiates from the base of shoot in the soil at the nearly same time as that of extending the first leaf. Prior to that, however, the rooting occurs when whole plant is still in the soil and is acropetally elongating.
4. The number of plants lasts to increase rapidly until around early or middle September, showing a seasonal change of Low-High-Low at the rate of increase. One plant come up above the soil surface around late May, for example, multiplies in number of approximate 250.
5. Since the tubers of Sagittaria pygmaea, when they are apart from the mother plant, can easily germinate and further make rooting under a submerged condition with temperatures of 20 to 30°C, it appears that they have no appreciable dormancy.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
Atsushi YAMAGISHI, Atsushi HASHIZUME1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 24-29
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Yasutomo TAKEUCHI, Makoto KONNAI, Tetsuo TAKEMATSU1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 29-35
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoil factors affecting the herbicidal activity of 3-(2-methylphenoxy) pridazine (credazine) were studied using four soil types.
Credazine was adsorbed in a great quantity by clay and organic matter in soil, especially by the latter.
Experiments of movement in soil showed that credazine moved slightly in high organic soil, while it moved quite freely in sandy loam soil. The rate of movement in organic soil was not influenced by dosage of the chemical and artificial rain intensity, but slightly influenced by the quantity of water supply. These three factors affected the credazine movement in sandy loam soil.
The soil moisture content had almost no effect on herbicidal activity or crop injury by credazine in high organic matter soil, while in sandy loam soil its effectiveness was unstable and crop injury was easily observed depending upon dosages.
Humic acid in soil organic fraction and bentonite in clay respectively played important roles in the adsorption of credazine by soil. As credazine is a weak basic compound, the adsorption was influenced by pH. Great quantity of credazine was adsorbed in low pH condition by soil and cation exchange resin.
Site of uptake in sawa millet, wild oat, barnyardgrass and crabgrass was primarily through the coleoptile, whereas in rice and wheat through the root. In dicotyledonous species, some plants which contact their cotyledons or primary leaves with treated layer in soil at their emergence were easily injured.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K) -
Kadzunori TATSUYAMA, Kiyoshi SUGAWA, Hiroki YAMAMOTO, Hiroshi EGAWA1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 36-40
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbsorption of NIP by several soil-borne fungal mycelium was studied with the view to understanding the fate of the herbicide in the soil.
Three species of fungi isolated from soil were inoculated onto NIP-Czapek medium and cultured at 28°C. After culturing for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days, NIP was extracted from the medium with n-hexane, and then subjected to gas-liquid chromato-graphical analysis under the conditions as shown in Fig. 1. The analytical results showed that 50-70% of NIP remained in the medium after 2 days and only 10-15% after 6 days incubation (Fig. 5).
To clarify the mechanism for decrease of NIP in the medium, F. oxysporum was used for the following experiments. Fifty mg of the fresh mycelium was added to the NIP-Czapek medium, the mixture was shaken for a period of 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 and 3 hours. All tubes, without relation to shaking period, gave 85-90% decrease of NIP in the extracts (Fig. 6). Judging from the result, it seems likely that the decrease of NIP in the medium is mainly due to absorption by the fungal mycelium.
The quantity of NIP in the n-hexane extracted from the NIP-Czapek medium decreased with increase in mycelial weight added in the medium (Fig. 7).
Absorption of NIP by dead (auto-claving) mycelium from the NIP-Czapek medium was recognized as in the case of using of fresh mycelium, but the decreasing percentage of NIP was lower (Fig. 8).
The maximum absorption level of NIP by F. oxysporum was estimated by successive treatments with constant concentration of NIP in the medium. As shown in Fig. 9, after the 97th replacement mycelium would not absorb NIP. The total quantity of NIP after 97th replacements was calculated at 2.712γ per mg fresh weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
Midori MORIMOTO, Norihiro SHIMIZU, Kunikazu UEKI1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 40-46
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of EPTC (ethyl N, N-dipropylthiocarbamate) on the germination of barley, wheat and barnyardgrass seed and especially the α-amylase activity in the germination process.
1) EPTC showed the clear efficacy on the inhibition of barley and wheat seed germination, but has no effect on barnyardgrass seed.
2) In the isolated barley and wheat endosperms, gibberellin added induced increasingly the α-amylase synthesis. However, EPTC added simultanously at that time inhibited only the de novo synthesis of α-amylase induced by gibberellin.
3) In intact barley and wheat seeds, the visible germination and the de novo synthesis of α-amylase increased in the first 24 hours and after 24 hours or more were kept at the same level. EPTC added at the beggining of incubation inhibited the de novo synthesis of α-amylase, but EPTC treatment after 24 hours or more did not decrease the α-amylase activity.
4) In EPTC-tolerant barnyardgrass, visible germination and α-amylase synthesis were induced from 24 to 48 hours after incubation and after 48 hours or more kept at the same level. EPTC added in the first 24 hours had a little inhibitory effect on the α-amylase synthesis and the germination, but the delayed synthesis and germination recovered after 96 hours.
These results indicate that EPTC inhibits the de novo synthesis of α-amylase in both isolated endosperms and intact seeds, but has little effect on the hydrolysis of starch by α-amylase, and that the difference of EPTC sensibility in barley, wheat and barnyardgrass is dependent on the time course of the de novo synthesis of α-amylase during germination process.View full abstractDownload PDF (733K) -
Seiji TAKAMURA, Shooichi MATSUNAKA1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 46-51
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new herbicides U-18 (ethyl-N-(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenyl) carbamate) is effective for grassy weed control and will be used for post-transplanting treatment in lowland rice culture. No inhibition by U-18 was observed in the Hill reaction, respiration of rice roots, and the α-amylase synthesis induced by added gibberellin A3 in the isolated rice seed. U-18 may kill barnyardgrass by two modes of action, chlorosis and inhibition of new leaf formation. This herbicide had almost no effect on the number of proplastid, but the development and growth of proplastid and also chlorophyll formation were inhibited by U-18. No difference was observed in the rate of chlorophyll disappearance in darkness as a result of U-18 treatment. When the rice seedlings were treated by daily refreshed U-18 since their germination, chlorosis was observed at first, however, it was recovered with every leaf formation and no chlorosis was found on the 5th leaf. It may point out that some kind of metabolic change in rice plants corresponds to the tolerance to U-18 after about 4th leaf age.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K) -
Kenro SHIRAISI, Tamotu WATANABE1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 51-55
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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1. The Difference of Herbicidal Action by Some Carrier MaterialsYasuaki MORI1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 55-60
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Shun-ichi SHIKATA1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 61-66
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe injurious effects of paraquat on directly planted sweetpotato were studied in 1970.
As paraquat is non-selective and contactive herbicide, most leaves applied with paraquat were injured and blighted, but directly planted sweetpotato began to recover in a few days.
Sweetpotato planted were not injured at the rate of 2.4g/a of paraquat, but were injured heavily at the rate of 4.8g to 7.2g/a.
Varietal differences of the injurious effect of paraquat were not recognized, and also little differences were recognized with different soil where sweetpotatoes were planted.
Directly planted sweetpotato plants have greater recovering ability than transplanted plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (660K) -
Kunikazu UEKI, Norihiro SHIMIZU, Minoru TAKABAYASHI, Katsuyoshi NOGUCH ...1972 Volume 1972 Issue 14 Pages 67-80
Published: September 30, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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