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Volume 1974 (1974)
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Volume 1974, Issue 17
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Kazuyoshi HIROSE1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 1-7
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Hironaga NISHIKAWA1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 8-13
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Atsushi NAITO, Masahisa MIYAZAKI1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 14-19
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Kunikazu UEKI, Minoru SOGA, Koichiro KOMAI1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 20-24
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis investigation was conducted to determine the form and properties of polyphenolic substances present in the tubers of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, Cyperus serotinus Rottb. and Cyperus rotundus L. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) In tubers higher concentrations of polyphenolic substances were found in the cortical tissues, and the vascular bundle and its surrounding tissues.
(2) Polyphenol content in tubers of Cyperus serotinus Rottb. and Cyperus rotundus L. were higher than in tubers of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi.
(3) Polyphenolic substances in tubers of the three species consisted primarily of catechol tannin of leucocyanidin, catechine and chlorogenic acid.
(4) The results suggested that the phenolic substances were present as individual monomers, higher polymers of each individual monomer, or as various mixed polymers of the three different phenolic substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
I. Effect of Temperatures on the Dormancy-breaking in Seeds of Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola and Polygonum lapathifoliumYasushi WATANABE, Fumihiko HIROKAWA1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 24-28
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) A month of chilling of Chenopodium album seeds on moist filter paper at 10°C gave about the same percentage germination as those after 6-7.5 months on moist filter paper and in soil at 5°C. Dormancy-awakening also progressed slightly on moist filter paper at 1°C, while the dry storages lasting 7.5 months at 5°C and 25°C were not effective in dormancy-breaking.
2) In dormancy-breaking of Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola seeds, the 2 months dry storage at 25°C was as effective as the 2 months treatment on moist filter paper at 10°C. Placing at alternating temperatures in white fluorescent light, the seeds which had been chilled in moist filter paper at 1°C and 5°C for 2 months increased germination to 93 percent, but incubating at 20°C in dark, the same treatment seeds came up to only 1 percent. The dormancy, however, was not broken by the dry storage at 5°C for 7.5 months. It was found that considerable number of seeds lost their viability in soil at 5°C after 6 months.
3) In seeds of Polygonum lapathifolium, the two months chilling treatments on moist filter paper at 1°C, 5°C and in soil at 5°C were all equally effective in breaking the dormancy, but on moist filter paper at 10°C few seeds awaked after 6.5 months. After-ripening proceeded gradually under the dry starages at 5°C and 25°C, with the faster rate at 5°C.
4) The freezing at -11°C was not effective in breaking the dormancy of the seeds of the 3 weed species.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K) -
II. The Period of Dormancy-breaking and the Death of Seeds in the Process of Dormancy-breaking in the field in Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola andYasushi WATANABE, Fumihiko HIROKAWA1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 29-33
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) In the field the primary dormancy of the seeds of Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola awakened in early December before soil freezing, which under laboratory conditions germinated at alternating temperatures in white fluorescent light. The dormancy of the seeds of Polygonum lapathifolium was broken in middle April at the time soil thawing. Dormancy-breaking took place more rapidly within soil than on soil surface.
2) Considerable seeds of Echinochloa lost their viability and died in the process of dormancybreaking in the field, with the dying process striking within soil than on soil surface.
3) Death of Echinochloa seeds was on the increase under the unfavourable conditions for germination.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
Iwaho IWATA, Shigeru TAKAYANAGI1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 33-38
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dormancy and germination of seeds of the principal annual summer weeds on upland fields were studied. The results obtained were as follows:
1) The dormancy of crabgrass (Digitaria adscendens Henr.) seeds was little influenced by the degree of maturity of seeds. Burying the seeds in soil outdoors was so effective for break the dormancy that the dormancy of the seeds was broken next spring.
The dormancy breaking of the dry seeds stored in greenhouse was progressed more rapidly than that in laboratory room.
This difference may be caused by the alternating range of higher temperature. The influence of soil moisture for the emergence showed higher adaptability to the lower soil moisture, even at 40% of field water capacity, than upland rice and the other weeds.
2) The dormancy of the dry seeds of goosegrass (Elusive indica Gaerth.) was broken by the optimum alternating temperature at any time, and burying the seeds in soil outdoors was not so effective.
The influence to soil moisture showed higher adaptability to the higher moisture, even at water-submerged condition, than the other weeds.
3) The dormancy of a species of smartweed (Polygonum nodosum Pers.) seeds was broken the wet and low temperature condition.
4) The seeds of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) were less dormant. Optimum moisture of soil for the emergence was 70 to 85% of the field water capacity.
5) Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retrofloxus L.) showed low temperature germinability compared with the other weeds, light requirments for germination varied according to the germinating temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
Effect of Herbicides on Weed VegetationKunikazu UEKI, Misako ITO, Kanji ITO1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 38-45
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Effects of the application of various herbicides in peach orchard on the weed vegetation and the condition of soil surface were studied from the viewpoint of the weed control.
2. After repeated applications in the summer and the spring of the next year, distinct differences were observed in the composition of summer weed species, especially in grass weeds/clover ratio, i. e. the ratio was high in DCPA·NAC or DCMU·ATA plot but very low in paraquat plot, while asulam treatment decreased cover degree of both grass weeds and clover. The application of herbicide also made the number of weed species fewer as compared with the weed mowing (control). In addition, there found appreciable differences in the growth stage of some dominant species.
3. During the period of about a month after the summer application, all plots except asulam showed uneven distribution of the bare soil region and the weed growing region on the soil surface. However, weeds killed by asulam remained covering the soil surface more than two months. Thus the regrowth and the emergence of weeds were considerably reduced in asulam plot, where in the mid-summer the soil temperature was kept as low as in the weed growing region and the soil moisture was even higher than in the bare soil region. On the other hand, weeds killed by spring application temporarily covered the soil surface like mulches in all of the herbicide treated areas.
4. In a commercial citrus orchard where perennial weeds became dominant as the result of the continuous use of other herbicides than asulam, applications of asulam twice a year changed the weed vegetation rapidly so as to consist of only annual weeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (999K) -
Minoru TAKABAYASHI, Kanenori NAKAYAMA1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 45-51
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWeed Control methods, mainly post-emergence herbicides applied after wheat harvest were examined on the field of peanuts sown between wheat rows.
1) Trifluralin (granular) incorporated after wheat harvest achieved the good control of weeds at the rates of 0.75 and 1kg a. i./ha, but reduced significantly the bean yield.
2) Incorporated vernolate (granular) at the rate of 1.5kg a. i./ha was not so effective as trifluralin, though not reduced the bean yield.
3) To make clear the effect of herbicides on the pod development, peanuts were grown on the pots, and the granules of trifluralin (1kg/ha) or vernolate (2kg/ha) was incorporated to the upper 5cm of soil. In the case that trifluralin was treated at 30 days or less before the pegs put into soil, the development of peanuts was retarded remarkably. On the contrary, no effect was observed in any vernolate treatments.
4) Mixed herbicide of benthiocarb and prometryne (emulsion) was most effective as the pre-emergence treatment. It was confirmed that the treatment of this pre-emergence herbicide followed by vernolate incorporation after wheat harvest was the best combination of herbicides and much better than the conventional weeding method, combination of trifluralin and intertillage.View full abstractDownload PDF (879K) -
Seiichi NAKA1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 51-54
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of mechanical weeding with the steerage hoe having shovels were compared for the several different depth, distance from the crops and times of cultivation on the soybean field in 1972.
The cultivation was more effective in 5-8cm than 2cm in depth of cultivation, in 5cm than 10cm distant from the crops and in 3 times than 1 or 2 times of cultivation.
The best result in this experiment was obtained by the cultivation which was repeated 3 times at intervals of 10 days, at 8cm deep and 5cm distance from the crops.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
I. Field Experiment on Effect of Triops granarius (Lucas)Hiroyuki KATAYAMA, Kunikazu UEKI, Minoru SOGA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 55-59
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the effect of tadpole shrimp [Triops granarius (Lucas)] on biological control of weeds in paddy fields, twenty five tadpole shrimps per m2 were put into the paddy field after rice transplanting.
Effective weed control was obtained by using tadpole shrimp without causing the bad effects on rice plant growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (3414K) -
II. Effect of Soil Properties on the Herbicidal Activity in Paddy FieldYoshinori UNO, Yuji KAWAMURA1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 59-64
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The herbicidal activity of Oxadiazon [5-t-butyl-3-(2, 4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl) 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoline-2-one] against barnyard grass under paddy field conditions varied in eight soil types. Nitrofen and MO-338 showed a similar variation as Oxadiazon.
2) Oxadiazone activity differed according to soil type. However, the change in activity was not correlated to any specific individual soil factor.
3) Oxadiazon activity in twenty different soils was closely related to the concentration of the herbicide present in the flooding water after herbicide application and puddling. The herbicidal activity was lowest in soils which caused the greatest reduction in Oxadiazon concentration.
4) There was a tendency that Oxadiazon showed higher herbicidal activity in a large volume weight soil than a small volume weight soil.
5) Soil color and degree of compaction after the puddling operation were not related to herbicidal activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
I. Environmental and Cultural Factors Influencing Herbicidal ActivityAkihiko MINE, Naganori HINO, Minoru UEDA1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 64-70
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to elucidate the herbicidal properties of bentazon under paddyfield conditions and to investigate specifically the environmental and cultural factors which influence herbicidal activity. The results obtained are summarized below.
1. The herbicidal activity of bebtazon against 43 species of emerged paddy weeds was determined by flooded-water treatment. Graminaceous plants such as Oryza sativa L. and Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. and some algae such as Spirogyra arcla L. and Chara Braunii Gmel were resistant to bentazon. Perennial weeds such as Cyperus serotinus Rottb., Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Eleocharis Kuroguwai Ohwi and Alisma canaliculatum A. Br. et Bouche were very susceptible to bentazon. The herbicidal selectivity of bentazon between the two groups of plants was very marked.
2. Bentazon was herbicidally effective when applied as a foliar application or flooded-water treatment.
3. Cyperus serotinus was most susceptible to bentazon when applied at the 1.5-3 leaf stage of growth. However, this weed was tolerant to bentazon if the herbicide was applied before the shoot emerged or after the plants reached the 6-8 leaf stage of growth.
4. Tuber formation in C. serotinus and S. pygmaea was inhibited by bentazon treatment when applied before tubers were formed. However, no direct effect of bentazon was observed on preformed tubers.
5. The herbicidal activity of bentazon on C. serotinus and S. pygmaea was very low when applied as a treatment under dry soil conditions. The herbicidal activity increased with increasing soil moisture content and the highest activity occurred under slightly flooded conditions.
6. The herbicidal activity on C. serotinus under flooded conditions was much better at relatively shallow water depths. The activity decreased with increasing water depths.
7. The herbicidal activity decreased greatly by the leaching of bentazon into paddy soil with the downward movement of water, and the herbicidal activity was greater at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures.
8. Bentazon injury to transplanted rice was very slight under flooded-water treatment even at a high dosage of 90g/a. Some injury was observed on very young seedlings under foliar application.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
Shooji FURUYA, Hideo CHISAKA, Katsuyoshi NOGUCHI, Minoru TAKABAYASHI, ...1974 Volume 1974 Issue 17 Pages 71-84
Published: March 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2175K)
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