All issues
Volume 1975 (1975)
- Issue 19 Pages 1-
Volume 1975, Issue 19
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Kanenori NAKAYAMA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 1-6
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (887K) -
Tatsuo MANABE1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 7-13
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (820K) -
3. Changes in Emergence and Viable Seeds in Cultivated and Uncultivated SoilYasushi WATANABE, Fumihiko HIROKAWA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 14-19
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) In October 1970, seeds of four species were uniformly mixed with 15cm of soil confined in squre pots sunk in the ground outdoors. The soil was either mixed to a depth of 15cm five to six times a year or left undisturbed for three and half years. Seedling emergence was recorded for three years, and three to seven times a year determinations were made of the numbers of viable seeds remaining.
2) Each species exhibited characteristic patterns with peaks of emergence at particular time of year. It seemed that these peaks of emergence were controlled by the minimum soil temperatures. Total seedling emergence from seeds incorporated for three years amounted to 4% in Chenopodium album, 13% in Polygonum lapathifolium, 14% in Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola and 44% in Commelina communis of those added when the soil left undisturbed, and 15, 38, 60 and 56% respectively where it was cultivated.
3) The numbers of viable seeds of each species decreased exponentially. In undisturbed soil, the decrease was equivalent to 17% per year in Chenopodium album, 36% in Polygonum lapathifolium, 50% in Commelina communis and 77% in Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola, and 25, 72, 49 and 87% respectively for cultivated soil.
4) It was found that the numbers of viable seeds decreased drastically between depths of 0-1cm in Chenopodium album, 0-5cm in Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola and Polygonum lapathifolium, and 0-10cm in Commelina communis respectively from late June to late August in 1971.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
4. Seasonal Changes in Dormancy Status of Viable Seeds in Cultivated and Uncultivated SoilYasushi WATANABE, Fumihiko HIROKAWA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 20-24
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) In October 1970, seeds of four species were mixed uniformly with 15cm of soil confined in squre pots sunk in the ground outdoors. The soil was either mixed to a depth of 15cm five to six times a year or left undisturbed for three years. The seeds were subsequently recovered by removing the 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-15cm layers and successively incubated under two or three conditions in the laboratory.
2) Seeds placed in soil exhibited cyclic changes in dormancy. Innate dormancy in fresh seeds originally added was overcome during winter and was minimal when seedlings emerged in the field from early May onwards. In late July in Chenopodium album, Commelina communis and Polygonum lapathifolium or in late August in Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola when seedlings ceased to emerge dormancy was induced once more in the remaining viable seeds, and was considerably overcome again until late November.
3) It seemed that the induced dormancy was brought about by the maximum soil temperatures placed seeds. The induction was found to be ealier in seeds held at 0-5cm than at 10-15cm depths below the soil surface.
4) The results obtained are discussed in relation to the spring or autumn cultivations and tillages.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K) -
Yoshiharu KUWABARA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 25-29
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (658K) -
Shigeru TAKAYANAGI, Akira MARUOKA, Kunio KONDO, Masato KUWAHARA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 30-35
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (751K) -
I. Viability of Weed Seeds Passed through Digestive Tract of Dairy CowMinoru TAKABAYASHI, Hayashi ABE, Tetuo KUBOTA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 36-41
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this experiment was to determine whether or not the spreading of feces over fields caused weed infestation, especially when feeds containing large quantities of weed seeds were fed.
A Holstein heifer was fed each 50, 000 seeds of livid amaranth (Amaranthus lividus L.), large crab-grass (Digitaria adscendens Henr.) and Italian ryegrass with 1kg of concentrated feed. Feces defecated by the cow were collected for 5 days after the feeding. 10% samples of the feces were washed through a series of sieves. The washed samples were then dried and tested for germination.
Number of seeds germinated per 10% feces (5, 000 seeds) was 2, 635 in livid amaranth, 1, 290 in large crab-grass and 1, 523 in Italian ryegrass.
Number of seeds germinated from each sample was the most at the sample of second day after feeding and the least at the sample of fifth day after feeding.
The result of this experiment indicated that the spreading of feces over fields caused weed infestation, especially of livid amaranth.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
Yasuo TOMIHISA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 41-45
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWater hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes Solms-Laub., is said to be introduced in Japan in Meiji era, and has already been naturalized in southern Japan, especially in Kyushû district. Its occurrence in Okayama Prefecture was first recorded in 1960. However, within these several years this plant has wide-spread and propagated abundantly in the rivers, irrigation-transportation canals etc. in southern Okayama as shown in Fig. 1, and becomes a very troublesome plant to the fishermen and farmers.
Almost all of water hyacinth plants are winter-killed even in southern Okayama where the lowest temperature during winter months drops below zero. But only a few plants, escaped from winter-killing, begin regrowth in April to May.
A test has revealed that a single plant, transplanted in a pond, has increase in number up to one thousand or more, during five months from May to October.
One or four flower stalks, with five to nine flowers, apper from August to September and a few seeds set within a capsule. It was not known as yet whether young plants from the seeds became established in nature.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
Hisajiro YUKINAGA, Kinya IDE, Kanji ITO, Motohisa SHIMADA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 46-50
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Experiments were carried out on the propagation system of Solidago altissima and the control with asulam.
2) Growth of rosettes of Solidago was started from even winter season, and then the growth acceration could be observed in April, and plant height was reached to maximum in October at the time of flowering. New rhizomes were initiated in June, and the tip of the rhizomes was sprouted in late October to early November in the central part of Japan.
3) The rhizomes of Solidago in the soil were varied from 2 to 11cm in the depth with an average depth of about 6cm.
4) Rhizome sections of about 5cm long were planted in different depths. The rate of emergence of rhizome sections was affected by the soil depth, and 50% of sections was emerged from 20cm-planted depth, and the rate was decreased with increasing the depth of planting.
5) At the end of a growing season, the number of rhizomes was 9.9 per plant in an average, and total fresh weight and length were 131.9g and 4.1m respectively. The average length of rhizomes was 0.42m.
6) The shoots of Solidago were killed within two months after foliar treatment with asulam (200g/a), and regrowth from the rhizome was prevented completely.View full abstractDownload PDF (2820K) -
Chikao HORI1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 51-57
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3372K) -
Kunio YAMANE, Hirotsugu KOSHIO, Takeo TAKAMI1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 57-64
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis investigation was conducted to determine the utility of tank mixtures of propanil and benthiocarb for weed control in direct-seeded rice on upland field. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) To decide the optimum timing of application we investigated the period of emergence of main weeds. Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv.) which is the most problematical weed reached almost final stage of emergence, and early emerged ones reached 3.5 leaf stage when the rice plants reached 1.5 leaf stage. Other major weeds (grassy weeds, broad leaved weeds and sedges) had almost reached final stage of emergence when rice plants reached 2 to 3 leaf stage.
(2) The combinations of propanil and soil persistent herbicides (such as X-52, Nitrofen, TOPE, Molinate, SAP, Amiprophos, Swep and Benthiocarb) were tested. We found that mixtures of propanil and benthiocarb were the most effective among them.
(3) The combination rates of these two herbicides were evaluated. Propanil 17.5g/a plus benthiocarb 50g/a applied at the 2 leaf stage of rice resulted in the best control of weeds, and phytotoxicity for rice was very slight.
(4) The effectiveness of these mixtures was not reduced by rainfall beginning one hour after application.
(5) These mixtures did not increase the phytotoxicity when followed by application of organophosphate granular insecticides (ethylthiometon, dimethoate).
(6) The optimum timing of application was found to be 1-1.5 leaf stage of rice.
(7) A single treatment of high dosage of propanil 35g/a plus benthiocarb 75g/a applied at the 2 leaf stage of rice failed to show complete control of weeds.
(8) In a heavily infested field, the sequential application of these mixtures (at first: 1-1.5 leaf stage of rice, secondly: 3.5-4.5 leaf stage or 2-10 days before flooding) gave excellent weed control until harvest. The second application caused some toxicity to rice plant, but prevented over-vegetative growth and gave high yield.
(9) The above mentioned methods have been recommended to farmers in Hyogo Prefecture and they have obtained good results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1002K) -
Takayoshi KATAOKA, Yasashi SHOGAKI1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 64-68
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen molinate at 40g/a was applied at the emerging stage of rice plant under water-submerged condition, it caused slight damage to rice, but when applied before seeding of rice it did not.
The effect of molinate to Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa Crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi) was greater at the emerging and one-leaf stage of it than before the emerging, especially great at the emerging stage. The weeding effect of molinate was unstable under the percolating condition, and less in the clay loam than in the sandy loam.
From these results, molinate is considered to be very useful for control of barnyardgrass in waterseeded rice at the dose of about 20g/a at the emerging stage of the weed before seeding of rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Takayoshi KATAOKA, Yasashi SHOGAKI1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 69-72
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (495K) -
Hideo CHISAKA1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 72-77
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo assess the interaction in combinations of the herbicides which are applicable to paddy rice, the isobole method was applied in pot experiments with barnyardgrass and rice.
Three combinations (benthiocarb+simetryne, butachlor+simetryne, benthiocarb+propanil) among the seven tested combinations showed the synergistic effect, and the others were probably the additive effect. Interactive effects varied possibly with the testing factors, e. g. the response level defined for isobole and growth stage of test plants.
Experimental arrangements for the isobole method were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Shooji FURUYA, Hideo CHISAKA, Minoru TAKABAYASHI, Katsuyoshi NOGUCHI, ...1975 Volume 1975 Issue 19 Pages 78-88
Published: February 15, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1701K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|