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Volume 30 (1985)
- Issue 4 Pages 255-
- Issue 3 Pages 177-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
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- Issue Suppl Pages 1-
Volume 30, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Tadao YAMADA1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 1-20
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Akihiro TAKAHASHI, Kozo ISHIZUKA1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 21-29
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe herbicidal selectivity of orbencarb, S-(2-chlorobenzyl) N, N-diethylthiocarbamate, was investigated in several species of gramineous plants. Plants tolerant to the herbicide were wheat, oat and upland rice and those susceptible were corn, finger millet, barnyardgrass and crabgrass. Lowland rice was intermediate in tolerance.
The absorption, translocation and metabolism of 14C-orbencarb were studied to clarify the mechanism of its selectivity. The rate of its absorption by shoots or roots was much higher in crabgrass than in wheat. Orbencarb moved acropetally when applied to either shoots or roots, and the rates of translocation from roots to shoots did not greatly differ. The metabolites of 14C-orbencarb were partitioned and identified by thin-layer chromatography. Rates of orbencarb metabolism in wheat and ceacgrass were found similar, although the monodesethyl orbencarb metabolite was produced much more in wheat and the hydroxy orbencarb metabolites were detected only in wheat. Absorption by shoots is considered to be a major process contributing to the selective mode of action of orbencarb in wheat and crabgrass.View full abstractDownload PDF (4838K) -
2. Behavior in SoilAkira NAKAMURA, Osamu IKEDA, Yasutomo TAKEUCHI, Makoto KONNAI, Tetsuo ...1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 30-34
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigations were undertaken to study the herbicidal activity, adsorption and residues of 2, 3-dicyano-5-propylamino-6-(3-chlorophenyl) pyrazine (K-503) in four soils shown in Table 1. The results are as follows:
1) Herbicidal activities of K-503 showed a negative correlation with organic matter content (Fig. 1).
2) The adsorption of K-503 to soil increased in the soils with a higher organic matter content. In the leaching test in which 30mm artifical rainfall was added to the soil surface, ninety percent of applied K-503 remained in the upper 1cm layer (Table 2 and Fig. 2).
3) Residual activities of K-503 in soil decreased in the soils with higher organic matter content. The decrease of K-503 was very slow in sterile soil. K-503 was easily decomposed in the soil with high organic matter content as the temperature rose. K-503 also decomposed rapidly by sunlight (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
II. Variations of the Growing Period, Plant Height, Number of Spikelets and Caryopsis Size in Natural Populations in JapanHirofumi YAMAGUCHI, Tetsuji SASAKI1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 35-41
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowing period (days from emergence to heading), plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle and caryopsis size (length, width and thickness) of the materials from seven natural populations (Table 1) of hexaploid weed oats were investigated under controlled conditions (18°C, 80% relative humidity and 16hr day length in a growth chamber). The variations observed were compared with those occurring under natural conditions (Tables 2, 3 and 4).
The variations in the caryopsis size were small while the variations in plant height, panicle length and number of spikelets per panicle were large in natural populations (Table 2). The magnitude of among-family variance component in quantitative traits varied among local populations under cultivated conditions (Tables 3 and 4) and the variation among families depended upon the diversity of marker traits of caryopsis. The families with the same caryopsis morph tended to show a similar variation pattern in quantitative traits, especially in the growing period (Fig. 1). A morph showing a grey to black caryopsis with a few to many dorsal and callose hairs displayed a late growth habit and a tall plant stature. Among the polymorphic populations at urban roadsides, two distinct groups differing in their growing peroiod were grown temporarily. Weed oats in cropped fields showed an early growth habit and a short plant stature. Genetical variability of quantitative traits of given populations was associated with the diversity in caryopsis morph (Fig. 2-(b); Kendall's rank correlation τ=0.714) However, the phenotypical variation of the quantitative traits in the natural populations was not associated with the diversity in caryopsis morph.
It was assumed that the large variations in the quantitative traits of weed oats in southwestern Japan result from both differentiation within local populations and temporary existence of strains adapted to different habitats.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Masahiro KITAOKA, Kunikazu UEKI1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 42-46
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. An experiment was performed to ascertain the growth correlations between shoot and rhizomes and between apical and lateral buds of rhizome in A. princeps in order to obtain basic knowledge needed to control it.
2. A variety of excisions were performed on A. princeps and it was found that shoot is necessary for rhizomes to show diageotropism (Fig. 1). Strong apical dominance was observed between the lateral buds and the apex.
3. Growth points or adult leaves were excised from A. princeps shoot and the effects on rhizome growth were investigated (Fig. 2). A correlation was found between diageotropism and adult leaves. IAA and sucrose were applied to the bases of rhizomes that were excised and it was observed that sucrose participates in diageotropism (Table 1).
4. IAA content in the rhizomes was measured and particularly large amount were found in the apex (Fig. 3). There was no change in the amount of IAA found in the apex when negative-geotropic curvature was induced by removal of the above-ground portion (Fig. 4).
5. Marks were made at 1mm intervals from the apex of the rhizome to observe negative geotropic curvature. Growth was only observed in the first millimeter from the apex and differed from the tropism usually observed that resulted from asymmetric distribution of IAA (Fig. 5). It was inferred that IAA participates in the apical dominance between apical and lateral buds of rhizome rather than in diageotropism.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Yasuro KADONO1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 47-50
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOccurrence of the tetraploid (4X:2n=40) of Paspalum distichum L., which has been spreading in the creeks of the Chikugo Area, Kyushu, (hereafter named “Chikugo-suzumenohie” in Japanese) was recorded in the East Harima Area, Hyogo Prefecture. With a view to elucidating the ecological traits of this aggressive aquatic weed, its distribution was investigated in irrigation reservoirs located in the East Harima Area, together with the distribution of three aquatic grasses (Paspalum distichum (6X), Leersia japonica and Pseudoraphis ukishiba) which have the same growth habit as “Chikugo-suzumenohie” and occur in a similar ecological niche in waters.
While L. japonica (Fig. 2C) and P. ukishiba (Fig. 2A-solid circles) were distributed in a wide range of the investigated area, “Chikugo-suzumenohie” (Fig. 2A-open circles) and Paspalum distichum (6X) (Fig. 2B) were apparently restricted to the southern part of the area. L. japonica and P. ukishiba showed a rather ubiquitous occurrence in relation to the topography and water chemistry of the reservoirs. In contrast, “Chikugo-suzumenohie” and Paspalum distichum (6X) mostly occurred in eutrophic reservoirs located in plains. It was observed that the environment of the reservoirs where “Chikugo-suzumenohie” was found had been disturbed by the reconstruction of the bank, etc..
It is suggested that the establishment and spread of “Chikugo-suzumenohie” was promoted by the recent eutrophication of waters and disturbance of water's edge.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
1. Pattern of Organ Formation from the BulbYoshifumi TAKAESU, Kyojiro NAKAGAWA1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 51-57
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to analyse the pattern of organ formation, particularly the daughter bulb formation.
1) The scales of the mother bulb (MB) were oriented on a generic spiral, which was reached to the tops, at the phyllotaxis of 3/8. No increase of the scales was observed during the vegetative period. Radical leaves were formed on the generic spiral elongating to the tops at the phyllotaxis of 3/8.
2) One primary daughter bulb each (DB1) was generated on the axiles of both radical leaves and scales. The number of primary daughter bulbs of the scales (DBS1) was almost equal to that at the initial stage. On the other hand, the number of primary daughter bulbs of the radical leaves (DBL1) corresponded with that of the leaves because at the initial stage a daughter bulb was transformed into a flower bud. These results suggest that the morphogenesis of the flower bud may be affected by intrinsic factors of the plants.
3) DB1 was formed most rapidly on the middle nodes, where the phyllotaxis was changed from scales to radical leaves. DBL1 formation was acropetal and DBS1 formation was basipetal. These findings suggested that the differences in the formation of DB1 may be one of the effective methods for reproductive strategy.
4) Some scales of the DB1 (SDB1) did not change but other developed to radical leaves of the DB1 (LDB1), indicating that DB1 can be come adapted to various environments. This plasticity may be an important character for this species.
5) Secondary daughter bulbs (DB2) were formed from the basal nodes to the top ones at the axile of DBI regardless of the type of leaves. A large number of DB2 were generated on the middle nodes of MB.
6) MB produced many adventitious roots at the base, which were fibrous in the early stage but become enlarged and formed root tubers subsequently.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
1. Variations in Weight and Ripening Date of Seeds among Setting Positions within One PlantToshihito YOSHIOKA, Yuji YAMASUE, Kunikazu UEKI1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 58-64
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArable weeds, in general, show an emergence pattern extending over a long period due to uneven seed germination and seedling growth. This phenomenon may be ascribed to the heterogeneous micro-environment which surrounds the seeds in soil, and to genetic and non-genetic variations of the soil-buried seed population. In this experiment, non-genetic variations in seed characters of Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. such as seed weight and ripening date were studied among setting positions within a plant.
1. During the shattering period lasting for 30 days, the later the sampling date, the smaller the seed weight became. As a result, the weight of the seeds collected throughout the shattering period ranged from 0.9 to 4.3mg (Fig. 2, 3).
2. Seed weight and ripening date varied depending on the position within a plant. There were small variations in seed weight among primary rachis-branches, secondary rachis-branches and panicles with different heading dates, but large differences in seed weight were found among Gt (top grain in primary rachis-branch), GI (apical grain in secondary rachis-branch), GII (middle grain in secondary rachis-branch) and GIII (proximal grain in secondary rachis-branch) (Table 1, Fig. 4). Gt and GI were heavier and matured earlier, GIII had a smaller weight, later ripening date and lower ripening percentage, while GII showed an intermediate pattern between the two groups in these characters (Fig. 5).
3. The position effect and the pre-maturation conditioning, incluing variations in the seed weight and the ripening date, may be related to disorders of seed dormancy and seedling growth rate, which in turn may cause the asynchronous emergence of E. oryzicola in rice fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
Masaaki IKEDA, Hiraku OKA, Misako ITO1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 65-67
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Hisao KOBAYASHI, Toru TOMINAGA, Soichi NAKAYAMA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Ka ...1985 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 68-76
Published: May 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1300K)
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