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Volume 31 (1986)
- Issue 4 Pages 259-
- Issue 3 Pages 191-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Suppl Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Hideo CHISAKA1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 91-95
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Katsuyoshi NOGUCHI1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 96-101
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Masayuki NEMOTO1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 102-107
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Mitsuyoshi OKUMA1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 108-115
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Misako ITO, Yusuke KAMADA, Kunikazu UEKI1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 116-123
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe noncompetitive (allelopathic) effects of Digitaria adscendens on the growth of several crops were determined in two weed-stage, young seedlings and mature plants. In the first experiment the weed and a crop species (soybean, lettuce, radish, cucumber or corn) were seeded in five rows each in opposite halves of a rectangular soil-filled container, all ten rows being 5cm apart. The plants were allowed to grow for one month. No adverse effect on the growth of the crops because of weed access was observed, or vice versa, as compared with intraspecific accessions. The growth of the weed was rather promoted to some degree in the rows just adjacent to soybean and lettuce. In the second experiment, D. adscendens plants were grown on one side of a field plot until they attained full growth, only the roots being left to grow freely over the plot. Radish and corn were then seeded in the rows at sequential distances from the weed planted side, supplied sufficient water and nutrients and prevented from beings shaded by the weed top. Crop growth was markedly reduced in the rows nearer the weed side where more weed roots had distributed. Elimination of most competition in these experiments implicates the probable contribution of allelopathy to the interference of crop growth by this weed through the roots. Furthermore, ammonium-nitrogen level was found higher in the soil with more weed roots, suggesting the possible inhibition of nitrification.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K) -
Masami OYAMADA, Toshimi TANAKA, Yoshio TAKASAWA, Tetsuo TAKEMATSU1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 124-129
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption of the herbicide naproanilide 2-(2-naphthoxy) propioanilide, and the distribution of its phytotoxic metabolite 2-(2-naphthoxy) propionic acid (NOP) were investigated in rice plants (Oryza sativa L., a tolerant species) and in Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Scirpus juncoides Roxb., Cyperus difformis L. and Monocholia vaginalis Burm. f. (susceptible species). Naproanilide was metabolized rapidly to phytotoxic NOP in all of the plant species tested. The concentrations of naproanilide and NOP greatly differed among plants, all of the susceptible plants showing much higher concentrations than the tolerant rice plants from the 1st day after treatment to the 7th day. In S. pygmaea the concentration of NOP in tubers increased linearly with time, whereas that in shoots reached a maximum at the 3rd day, and decreased thereafter. Little NOP was contained in roots compared with the shoots and tubers. Naproanilide and/or NOP absorbed in the shoots moved basipetally in S. pygmaea. When naproanilide and butachlor were applied in combination, the concentration of NOP in S. pygmaea was 1.4 to 2.6 times higher than that with naproanilide alone or in conbination with benthiocarb.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
Masami OYAMADA, Toshimi TANAKA, Yoshio TAKASAWA, Tetsuo TAKEMATSU1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 130-135
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnzymatic hydrolysis of an anilide bond of the herbicide naproanilide, 2-(2-naphthoxy) propionanilide, was investigated in leaf discs of rice plant (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nihonbare, a tolelant species) and Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. (a susceptible species). Naproanilide was readily hydrolyzed to phytotoxic 2-(2-naphthoxy) propionanilide (NOP) in leaf discs of both plant species. The optimum pH for naproanilide hydrolysis in leaf discs was found to be between 7.4 and 7.7. The amount of NOP formed was dependent on the weight of leaf discs in both plants and increased rapidly with time, while the hydrolysis of naproanilide proceeded linearly. More than twice as much naproanilide was hydrolyzed by S. pygmaea as by rice plants. Trichloroacetic acid (a deproteinizer) and a carbamate insecticide (MTMC) were found to be very effective in inhibiting the hydrolysis of naproanilide in leaf discs. It was presumed from these results that the anilide bond of naproanilide in the leaf discs was hydrolyzed by an enzymatic reaction, and that this hydrolytic reaction contributed to the phytotoxification of plants to the herbicide.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Eiji TANESAKA1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 136-142
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe floating habit of perennial strnsai of Echinochloa stagnina and E. picta with different ploidy levels (Table 1) was investigated by sinking them in water at 3 different levels, 0 (control), 4 and 8cm per day for 20 days.
The floating ability widely varied among the strains. Two West African strains of E. stagnina showed a higher floating ability than the Southeast Asian strains of E. stagnina and E. picta, while the Philippines strain of E. stagnina and the Sri Lanka strain of E. picta showed an exceedingly low floating ability (Table 2). The variation of the floating ability among the strains may correspond to the modes of increase of the water depth in their native habitats.
The survival nuder experimental loofding conditions was closely correlated with the ability of internode elongation and of adventitious root formation of the nodes (Table 3). The flooding stress and damage to plant considerably promoted shoot emergence from node (Fig. 2 and Table 2), and the node of the excised culm segment exhibited a good regeneration (Fig. 3). These characteristics along with the particularities of the node reaction may play significant role in the reservation of the genotype under the rapid increase of the water level and against the damage due to flooding. On the other hand the strains with a hiergh floating ability showed lower ratio for the dry weight of nodes to that of culm than those with a low floating ability (Table 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
2. Recovery from Propanil Inhibition of PhotosynthesisYasuhiro YOGO, Kozo ISHIZUKA1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 143-151
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of propanil on both photosynthesis and respiration of intact plants of rice, barnyardgrass and finger millet were investigated. Immediately after its application, both photosynthesis and respiration of the three species were inhibited, and only rice plant recovered from the inhibition of photosynthesis almost completely in a relatively short period. Photosynthesis of finger millet plants was recovered gradually, and no recovery was found in barnyardgrass. There were no significant differences in recovery of respiration among the three plant species. In leaf discs, quick recovery from the inhibition of photosynthesis of leaf discs was observed in rice and slower recovery in finger millet. Only slight recovery was shown in barnyardgrass.
On the other hand, quick release from leaf discs of 14C-radioactivity, which had been applied as 14C-propanil was observed within one hour. Although immediately after exposure to 14C-propanil for various periods, amounts of 14C-radioactivity found in the discs of all three plant species were similar, when the discs were kept in propanil-free solution after exposure, detected 14C-radioactivity amounts were different, and there was particularly more in rice. But propanil in rice rapidly decreased, and was ultimately significantly less than in barnyardgrass and finger millet.
In conclusion, selectivity of propanil in leaf discs was similar to the result from intact plant and the mechanism of tolerance of rice to the herbicide could be explained by its metabolic change in leaf discs as in intact plants, even if the reaction time was very short. The recovery of photosynthesis in finger millet was also observed in intact plant but in leaf discs it was observed only following treatment for relatively short periods.View full abstractDownload PDF (814K) -
3. Relationship between Propanil Binding by Chloroplast and Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron TransportYasuhiro YOGO, Kozo ISHIZUKA1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 152-156
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifference in propanil binding to chloroplast and its inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport system among the three gramineous plant species were studied.
Chloroplasts were isolated from rice, barnyardgrass and finger millet grown to the 3rd or 4th leaf stage. No significant difference was obtained among the species in either inhibition constant (Ki) of photosynthetic electron transport by propanil or its binding constant (K) to chloroplast. Specific binding of propanil was almost identical to its inhibition of electron transport. But the herbicide bound to rice chloroplast slightly more than to barnyardgrass or finger millet at high inhibitor concentration.
It was concluded that there was no difference in either inhibition of photosynthesis by propanil or the herbicide binding to chloroplast among three species of plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (495K) -
Shunji TAKEDA, David L. ERBES, Philip B. SWEETSER, James V. HAY, Takes ...1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 157-163
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDPX-F5384 is the active ingredient in the rice herbicide Londax®. Growth inhibition promoted by DPX-F5384 in pea roots can be reversed by addition of valine and isoleucine, suggesting inhibition of the pathway for branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. This compound readily inhibits an enzyme in this pathway, acetolactate synthase. Although acetolactate synthase from rice is also inhibited by DPX-F5384, the rice plant is tolerant due to its ability to metabolically demethylate DPX-F5384 to a relatively weak inhibitor of its acetolactate synthase.View full abstractDownload PDF (657K) -
Takeshi YUYAMA, Philip B. SWEETSER, Robert C. ACKERSON, Shunji TAKEDA1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 164-170
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tolerance of rice to DPX-F5384, the active ingredient in Londax® Herbicide, has been found to be significantly enhanced by simultaneous application with the thiocarbamate herbicides, thiobencarb, MY-93, CH-83, and SC-2957. The DPX-F5384-thiocarbamate herbicide combinations provide greater rice safety to DPX-F5384. Thiobencarb and MY-93 treatment of rice plants increase the rate of DPX-F5384 metabolism by rice leaves 3-4 fold. This suggests that the dramatic increase of DPX-F5384 metabolism in rice plants is the main mode of action of the observed thiocarbamate safening effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
2. Regeneration from the Vegetative OrgansKazuyuki MATSUO, Katsuyoshi NOGUCHI, Masao NARA1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 171-175
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRorippa islandica is a common biennial weed in the Tohoku district. In order to analyse the characteristics of the propagation of R. islandica in arable land, the regeneration process of the vegetative organs was investigated in the experiments reported herein. The results are summarized as follows:
1) R. islandica was found to have the ability to propagate from segments of the vegetative organs such as roots or stems. Rooting and sprouting from these organs occurred in a wide range of temperatures, extending from 5°C to 30°C regardless of the light conditions. However the regeneration activity was decreased with the advancement of the reproductive growth stages.
2) Sprouting was more active in the segments buried in soil at a shallow depth, i. e. within a depth 5cm from the soil surface. The emergence percentage decreased remarkably at 5cm and deeper, and emergence hardly occurred at a depth below 12cm.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
Hisao KOBAYASHI, Toru TOMINAGA, Soichi NAKAYAMA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Ka ...1986 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 176-185
Published: August 26, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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