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Volume 33 (1988)
- Issue 4 Pages 223-
- Issue 3 Pages 161-
- Issue 2 Pages 77-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Suppl Pages 1-
Volume 33, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Mitunori HAYASHI1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 161-166
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Kosaku TABATA1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 167-171
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Yuji YAMASUE, Ryo HASEGAWA, Kunikazu UEKI1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 172-179
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDormancy-breaking mechanism of KCN in Echinochloa oryzicola seeds was studied by determining activities of respiration and redox enzymes in the seeds treated for 48hrs at the optimum concentration for breaking dormancy. KCN remarkably promoted germination of the seeds with primary dormancy. Any visible signs of germination were not observed during treatment, but started soon after seeds were transfered to the subsequent incubation without cyanide, indicating that the germination-induction was present during the 48hr treatment period. The KCN concentration causing the maximum germination at 100mM greatly inhibited both O2 consumption and cytochrome c oxidase activity. ADH activity of treated seeds initially decreased for 24hr, but thereafter increased. The RQ value increased to 3.6 during the germination-induction period, whereas fluctuations in neither ADH activity nor RQ value were observed in nontreated seeds. There was little difference in G6PDH activity between treated and nontreated seeds during treatment, but the treated seeds increased in activity as germination began. During the germination-induction period, catalase activity was remarkably inhibited by KCN, while, on the contrary, peroxidase was stimulated to activity two-folds higher than that of nontreated seeds. The amount of NAD (P) H in treated seeds significantly decreased soon after the subsequent incubation, suggesting the increased activities of NAD (P) H oxidases. The alternations observed in enzyme activities pointed out that the scheme HENDRICKS and TAYLORSON (1975) proposed for the mechanism of germination promotion for thiourea, nitrite and hydroxylamine was also applicable for KCN action in the seeds of E. oryzicola. The shift of aerobic respiration to alcohol fermentation by KCN was worthy of note since the latter is, as we previously reported, the main energy-yielding pathway of the rice paddy weed seed at early imbibition.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
Soichi NAKAYAMA, Minoru TAKABAYASHI1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 180-184
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish an efficient method of weed control in direct-seeded paddy fields under flooded conditions, we examined the influence of the time and duration of the drainage treatment after rice sprouting on the herbicidal action of pyrazolate in lowland weeds (Fig. 1).
The results obtained are as follows;
(1) Herbicidal effect of pyrazolate on Echinochloa oryzicola VASING. varied widely depending upon the time and duration of the drainage. Particularly, prolonged drainage implemented one day after the application decreased remarkably the control efficacy (Table 1, Fig. 2).
(2) Even in the plot in which the control efficacy was the lowest, the concentration of the active ingredient, 4-(2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1, 3-dimethyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, in the paddy water supplied after the drainage period exceeded 0.3ppm. This concentration may be high enough to control E. oryzicola if the chemical is applied at the growth stage of the plant susceptible to pyrazolate (Fig. 3).
(3) The above results suggest that the reduced control efficacy of pyrazolate can be attributed to the growth of E. oryzicola to the stage resistant to pyrazolate during the drainage period when the herbicidal activity is suppressed. Therefore the prolonged drainage implemented immediately after the application of pyrazolate in warmer regions in Japan may reduce the herbicidal efficacy against E. oryzicola which emerges mostly in the early period after puddling.View full abstractDownload PDF (690K) -
Takayuki TSURUUCHI, Tadahiko FURUYA, Shyoko MURAYAMA, Itaru SIMANO, Sh ...1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 185-190
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Ivyleaf speedwell plants were grown in four air conditioning rooms at constant temperatures under natural day length, from 1982 to 1983. In the 15°C room, they formed a pair of opposite leaves on each of the lower 4 to 6 nodes of the stems, and then an alternate leaf and a flower on each of the upper nodes. In the 20°C room, they formed opposite leaves on the lower 5 to 7 nodes, and then an alternate leaf and a flower, but fruiting was not prominent. In the 25°C room, they developed only opposite leaves without a transition to alternate leaf arrangement. In addition, vegetative growth continued and no flowers was produced (Fig. 2). In the 30°C room, they did not grow and died within 1 or 2 weeks.
2. Germinating seeds of ivyleaf speedwell were treated in a 4°C incubator for 8 or 26 days, and young green plants of ivyleaf speedwell and birdseye speedwell were grown in at air conditioning box at 10°C under diffused sunlight for 16 or 28 days, from 1984 to 1985 (Table 1). Thereafter the materials were transferred to the 15, 20 and 25°C rooms. The exposure of the germinating seeds to 4°C and of the green young plants to 10°C promoted the transition from opposite to alternate leaf arrangement, flowering and fruiting. The most remarkable results were as follows: the ivyleaf speedwell plants did not flower in the 25°C room (Fig. 2), but the exposure to the low temperatures of 4°C and 10°C for 26 (VL) or 28 (GL) days, promoted the transition from an opposite to an alternate leaf arrangement, as well as flowering and in some cases fruiting (Table 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Chalermchai WONGWATTANA, Kozo ISHIZUKA1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 191-199
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClomeprop (CMP) and the metabolite, DMPA, at concentrations up to 10-5M applied to shoot or root did not affect growth of azuki bean or rice seedlings, while growth of tomato and radish were inhibited by both compounds. CMP was found to be more toxic than DMPA when applied to shoot, whereas DMPA was more effective in root application.
In germination test, CMP, DMPA and 2, 4-D at a concentration of 10-5 M did not affect germination of radish or cucumber, but growth of seedlings was strongly inhibited. DMPA and 2, 4-D were more effective than CMP in the germination test.
14C-CMP was absorbed much more than 14C-DMPA was, by both shoots and roots of the plant species tested. In shoot application, absorption rates of 14C-CMP were higher in tomato and azuki bean than in rice and radish, whereas 14C-DMPA absorption rates were not significantly different among the plant species. In root application, absorption rates of both compounds were found to be higher in radish and tomato than in azuki bean and rice. A greater amount of 14C-DMPA translocated in all plant species than did 14C-CMP in both shoot and root application. In root application, concentrations of 14C-DMPA in shoots were higher than those of 14C-CMP. While, in contrast, shoot application resulted in concentrations of 14C-DMPA in shoots and roots being much less than 14C-CMP. These differences may explain why CMP is more effective in shoot application and DMPA is more effective in root application.
In a translocation study, it was found that both 14C-CMP and 14C-DMPA translocated in tomato and radish much more than in azuki bean and rice seedlings with both shoot and root applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (670K) -
Chalermchai WONGWATTANA, Kozo ISHIZUKA1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 200-208
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAzuki bean, rice, tomato and radish were able to metabolize CMP to non-phytotoxic metabolites, but the conversion rates differed among plant species. Azuki bean and rice effectively metabolized CMP and DMPA to water-soluble and acetone/water-insoluble metabolites, whereas in tomato and radish the metabolism rates were much slower, especially at the step of the conversion of DMPA to non-phytotoxic metabolites. The tolerance of azuki bean and rice and the susceptibility of tomato and radish to the herbicides might be explained by the different metabolism rates.
The hydrolization at the acylamide bond of CMP resulted in DMPA (the herbicidal active compound) and the hydroxylation of methyl group in the phenyl ring resulted in 3-CH2OH-DMPA. Thus the conjugations of both DMPA and 3-CH2OH-DMPA with plant metabolites are the probable pathways of metabolism of CMP in these plant species.View full abstractDownload PDF (895K) -
Suema EGUCHI, Minoru TAKABAYASHI, Mitsuyoshi OKUMA1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 209-211
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Hiroaki WATANABE, Shigeru TAKAYANAGI, Kazuyuki MATSUO, Hiroyoshi OMOKA ...1988 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 216-220
Published: October 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (697K)
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