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Volume 35 (1990)
- Issue 4 Pages 305-
- Issue 3 Pages 213-
- Issue 2 Pages 95-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Suppl Pages 1-
Volume 35, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Hidejiro SHIBAYAMA1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 213-220
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Saburo MURAYAMA1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 221-230
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Yoko OKI1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 231-238
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Yutaka KOYAMA1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 239-244
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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II. Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of PretilachlorIe Sung SHIM, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Kozo ISHIZUKA1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 245-252
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvolvement of pretilachlor (2-chloro-2′, 6′-diethyl-N-[2-propoxyethyl]-acetanilide) selectivity in its absorption, translocation, and metabolism was investigated in 4 gramineous species, rice (Oriza sativa L. cv. nihonbare), corn (Zea mays L. cv. honeybantam), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola VASING.), and finger millet(Eluesine coracana GAERTN.), and two perennials Sagittaria pygmaea MIQ., and Cyperus serotinus ROTTB.. Growth retardation by pretilachlor was more severe in barnyardgrass and finger millet than in corn and rice. Sagittaria pygmaea MIQ. revealed greater tolerance than Cyperus serotinus ROTTB. Seed treatments showed higher susceptibility to pretilachlor than 3 week old seedling treatments in gramineous species but the reverse was true in perennial weeds.
Higher absorption of 14C-pretilachlor was observed in rice and barnyardgrass than in corn and finger millet, regardless of seedling ages. Both young and mature seedlings of Sagittaria pygmaea MIQ. and Cyperus serotinus ROTTB. absorbed very little 14C-pretilachlor, compared with gramineous species. 14C-pretilachlor absorbed by roots was translocated easily to shoots and distributed in all parts of the plants.
Absorbed 14C-pretilachlor changed into a water-soluble compound (s) in plants within 2 hours after treatments at 76-82% and about 60% in tolerant and susceptible sepcies, respectively. Metabolic activity was greater in the tolerant corn and rice than in the susceptible barnyardgrass and finger millet in both seedling ages, suggesting that the herbicide may be metabolized into a nontoxic water-soluble compound, the glutathione conjugate of pretilachlor, by glutathione S-transferase (GST) and that pretilaclor selectivity may be related to this activity in gramineous species. Perennial weeds also showed high activity to metabolize pretilachlor into water-soluble compound (s), even though their low GST activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (6584K) -
Shiaki MURAKAMI, Yoshinori MANIWA, Kazuhisa SAKAGAMI1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 253-260
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Nobumasa ICHIZEN, Makoto KONNAI, Tetsuo TAKEMATSU1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 261-267
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to develop a weed control method for paddy rice by the application of flowable formulations of herbicides. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. In a pot test carried out in a greenhouse, chlornitrofen, MK-129, HW-52, piributycarb, bromobutide, daimuron, JC-940, benzofenap, pyrazolate and pyrazoxyfen applied before weed emergence were more effective when they had been formulated as wettable powders than as granules. All of the wettable powders showed only a weak rice phytotoxicity after foliar application.
2. In a field test, a flowable containing piributycarb, bromobutide and benzofenap (6, 10 and 10%, respectively) effectively controlled paddy weeds at a dose of 60ml/a by broadcasting while transplanted rice plants were not affected even at a dose of 200ml/a.
3. The application of the flowable by broadcasting or through the spillway onto the irrigation water could be performed more readily and in a shorter period of time than in the case of broadcasting of granules.View full abstractDownload PDF (764K) -
Nobumasa ICHIZEN, Koichi YONEYAMA, Tsuyoshi KINOSHITA, Makoto KONNAI, ...1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 268-272
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop a weed control method for paddy rice by the application of flowable formulations of herbicides, herbicidal efficacies of flowables, wettable powders and granules of chlornitrofen, MK-129 and piributycarb were compared under greenhouse conditions. The results are summarized as follows:
1. For all the three herbicides tested, the formulation type affected the efficacy of the chemicals as follows: the efficacy decreased in the order of flowables≥wettable powders>granules, and increased with the decrease in the particle size or the chemicals contained in the flowables and wettable powders.
2. Relative mobility and residual activity of the herbicides in soil, and time course of the herbicide concentrations in flooding water were not appreciably affected by the formulation type.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
1. Herbicidal Activity under Paddy Conditions and Quantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipsYasuo MORISHIMA, Hirokazu OSABE, Yukihisa GOTO, Kazuhisa MASAMOTO, Hir ...1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 273-281
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew 2, 6-dimethyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and their herbicidal activity against Echinochloa oryzicola and safety for transplanted rice were examined.
1) For the pre-emergence herbicidal activity against Echinochloa oryzicola and the safety for transplanted rice, it was found essential that the 3 (R3)-and 1 (R1)-position of the 4-pyridone ring be substituted by anilide and benzyl groups, respectively (Tables 3, 4). The introduction of a methyl, chloro or fluoro group to the para-position of the benzyl moiety (Y) further enhanced the activity (Table 5).
2) The 1-benzyl derivatives were tested in vials for their herbicidal activity against Echinochloa oryzicola and the effects of substituents of the benzyl moiety (Y) were examined quantitatively with substituent parameters by regression analysis. The variations in the activity were rationalized in terms of steric parameters, the optimal value being Eso, Esm=0 and Esp=-0.90 (Table 7, Eq. (1)).
3) From the results so far obtained, 1, 4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-1-(4-methylphenylmethyl)-4-oxo-N-phenyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide (code number, DLH-0213) was selected due to it's high herbicidal activity and selectivity. DLH-0213 effectively controlled Echinochloa oryzicola from the pre-emergence to the 1.5 leaf stages and actively controlled some sedge weeds (Cyperus difformis, Scirpus juncoides, Cyperus serotinus) at pre-emergence at a dose of 10g a. i./a (Tables 9, 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (971K) -
2. Herbicidal Activity under Upland Conditions and Physiological Action of 2′, 6′-Disubstituted AnilidesYasuo MORISHIMA, Hirokazu OSABE, Yukihisa GOTO, Kazuhisa MASAMOTO, Hir ...1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 282-289
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo identify a new effective upland herbicide, 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and their herbicidal activity against several upland weeds and safety for soybean and corn were estimated. Among these compounds, DLH-1777, which exhibited the highest activity and selectivity to corn, was also investigated for its physiolosical action.
1) Results of Greenhouse pot tests showed that the 2′, 6′-diethylanilide moiety in the structure was important for the demonstration of the pre-emergence herbicidal activity against both grass and broadleaf weeds (Table 1). For increasing this activity, it was found essential that the 1-, 2-, and 6-positions (R3, R4, and R5) and 5-position (X) of the 4-pyridone ring be substituted by C1-C4 alkyl groups and a methyl, chloro or bromo group, respectively (Tables 2-4).
2) Ten 2′, 6′-diethylanilides with high potency, were selected and examined for their herbicidal activity and safety for soybean and corn in pre- and post-emergence treatments. They exhibited higher activities in the pre-emergence than in the post-emergence treatment at the rates of 2.5-10g a. i./a and were safer for corn than soybean at the rate of 20g a. i./a (Table 5).
3) From the results obtained, 5-bromo-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-1, 4-dihydro-1, 6-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-propyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide (code number, DLH-1777) was found to be most suitable (Table 6). Investigations on the physiological action of DLH-1777 suggest that the chemical can be classified as a photo-dependent herbicide like diphenylethers and cyclic-imides (Table 7, Figs. 1, 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (948K) -
Siriporn ZUNGSONTIPORN, Cha-um PREMASTHIRA, Jiro HARADA1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 290-292
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Hideki HORIE, Masayuki NEMOTO1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 292-295
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Tohru TOMINAGA, Tadashi SUMIYOSHI, Masumi ISHIZAKA1990 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 296-302
Published: October 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
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