All issues
Volume 39 (1994 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 213-
- Issue 3 Pages 153-
- Issue 2 Pages 73-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue SupplI Pages 2-
Volume 39, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Shigeru Mariko, Toshinori Okuda, Akio Furukawa1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 213-221
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interactive effects of CO2 enrichment and nitrogen supply on several attributes of shoot development were examined for two annual weeds, Chenopodium album L. and Amaranthus patulus Bertol., appearing at an early stage of secondary succession. The elevated CO2 increased the number of branches at high nitrogen levels in C. album and plant height at low nitrogen levels in A. patulus. The larger number of branches may increase the number of potential flowering and fruiting sites. Basal diameter was larger at high nitrogen levels in C. album and at low nitrogen levels in A. patulus. The enlargement of leaf size by CO2 enrichment required a larger amount of nitrogen in C. album than in A. patulus. These results show that the interactive effects of CO2 and nitrogen depend on the species-specific nitrogen requirement. In A. patulus, elevated CO2 and nitrogen supply slightly delayed the beginning of flower bud initiation. The slight delay, however, does not seem to affect the reproductive success of this species considering its reproductive behavior. In addition, there is no morphogenetic effect of CO2 on leaf initiation per shoot, at least in herbaceous species. The present study suggests that future doubling of CO2 may not cause the two species to lose their domination potential at an early stage of secondary succession.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Tomoko Shibuya, Yoshiharu Fujii, Yukio Asakawa1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 222-228
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSamples of two types of soil, Andosol and ‘Masa’ soil, packed in pots were placed under the canopy of broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) for 1 year, so that the leachates from the foliage of C. scoparius could accumulate in the soils. There-after samples of surface soil at a depth of 0-3cm and 3-6cm were collected and the allelopathic activity was examined. Samples of each soil were packed in a cellulose tube (cutoff 8, 000MW, diameter 3.2cm) set at one corner of a plant box (W6×D6×H10cm) filled with 0.5% of agar. Lettuce (Great lakes 366) was seeded at a spacing of 1cm on the agar surface. The length of the lettuce radicle was measured 5 days after seeding. The elongation of the radicle was inhibited by the ‘Masa’ soil into which the leachates of C. scoparius accumulated at a depth of 0-3cm, but not at a depth of 3-6cm (Fig. 1, Table 1). Andosol at a depth of either 0-3cm or 3-6cm did not cause any inhibitory effect.
F-1 (mainly acidic), F-2 (mainly basic) and F-3 (mainly amphoteric) fractions of dry foliage water extract were found to contain allelochemicals (Table 2). However, when the foliage was incorporated into soil, only the F-1 fraction from the ‘Masa’ soil showed on inhibitory activity after 3 days of incubation at 25°C (Table 3).
In the ‘Masa’ soil, the growth of cucumber was inhibited by the addition of L-3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) which had been identified as one of the allelochemicals of C. scoparius. The inhibition was particulary strong under nutrient stress (Table 5. test 1).
In the Andosol, the effect of DOPA application on cucumber growth was not significant. Addition of leachates and incorporation of dry foliage did not affect the plants. The absence of allelopathic activity in the Andosol was attributed to the adsorption of the allelochemicals onto the soil.
It was concluded that the characteristics of soil and physiological conditions of the recipient plant were the major factors involved in the manifestation of allelopathic phenomena.View full abstractDownload PDF (865K) -
Do-Jin Lee, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Kenji Usui, Kozo Ishizuka1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 229-236
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe safening effect and action mechanism of dimepiperate (S-(α, α-dimethylbenzyl) piperidine-1-carbothioate) on bensulfuron methyl (methyl-2-[[(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-yl) ureido] sulfony1]-o-toluate, BSM) were studied using 7-d-old rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L., cv Nipponbare) subjected to water culture. Significant growth inhibition which was observed in the 6×10-8M BSM treatments was alleviated by mixing BSM with 8×10-6M dimepiperate (Fig. 1). A significantly smaller amount of 14C-BSM was detected in the rice roots when BSM was applied with dimepiperate, indicating that dimepiperate inhibited BSM absorption. On the other hand, the translocation of 14C-BSM was not affected by the dimepiperate treatment. When the BSM metabolites were analyzed at 24 and 48hr after the treatments, the content of O-demethyl, BSM significantly increased by the use of dimepiperate, suggesting that dimepiperate affected the detoxification of BSM in rice roots and excised shoots (Fig. 2).
The above mentioned results indicate that the safening effect of dimepiperate on BSM phytotoxicity could be due to a reduced absorption through roots and rapid detoxification of BSM in the seedlings. There was a resumption of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity in vivo (Fig. 3), synthesis of branched-chain amino acids (Fig. 4 and Table 1), and 3H-thymidine incorporation into the DNA fraction of the root tips which display a high cell division activity (Fig. 5). The effects are considered to be indirect, and due to the reduced absorption and rapid detoxification of BSM caused by dimepiperate.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
Hiroshi Suge, Tokuichi Kusanagi1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 237-242
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInitial growth of Sagittaria trifolia shoots in darkness from tubers was controlled by ethylene and carbon dioxide. The initial growth was reduced in air from which ethylene and/or carbon dioxide had been removed compared to growth in air where endogenously evolved ethylene and carbon dioxide were present. Growth was maximum in air where both ethylene and carbon dioxide were present. The ethylene concentration that induced maximum growth was 10μL L-1.View full abstractDownload PDF (2936K) -
Seturo Sato, Koji Tateno, Ryoji Kobayashi1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 243-248
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1993 a field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of seeding date on flowering and seed production of velvetleaf at Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigoshi, Kumamoto, on thick high humic Andosols (Melanudands). Velvetleaf seeds were seeded monthly from April to November in plots fertilized in advance at 1kg N, 1kg P2O5 and 1kg K2O/a with a compound fertilizer. Flowering and seed production of the emerged plants were evaluated.
Flowering was observed in the April to August seeded plants and mature seed production in the April to July seeded ones. Days from seeding to first flowering, plant height and plant age in leaf number, and days from seeding to initiation of the production of mature capsules were decreased with the later seeding dates, and both flowering and seed production showed short-day photoperiodic response. The number of seeds produced per plant ranged from 2, 214 in the April seeded plants to 424 in the July seeded. Weights of 100 seeds ranged from 866mg in the plants in the May seeding to 993mg in those in the July seeding, and the seeds produced by the plants seeded in April and July were heavier than those seeded in May and August.
Thus, in Kyushu, velvetleaf emerging from April to July was able to efficiently produce vigorous seeds due to the short-day photoperiodic response, and plants emerging in April might cause the most serious problem by producing a large amount of seeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
Kangetsu Hirase, Seiichi Shimono, Tamotsu Asano1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 249-255
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behavior of naproanilide [2-(2-naphthyloxy) propionanilide] and its hydrolysis product NOP [2-(2-naphthyloxy) propionic acid] in water and soil in experimental plots treated with naproanilide bubbling tablets (NBTs) was examined in a greenhouse. NBTs containing sodium hydrogencarbonate and tartaric acid as a bubbling agent were prepared and treated at one end of the test plots (29cm×3.5m). Naproanilide diffused to within 1.5m of the application sites 0.5hr after application under both shallow and deep water conditions. After bubbling stopped the compound gradually diffused in water even farther. The concentration of NOP, a hydrolysis product and the active form of naproanilide, was much higher than that of naproanilide in water. NOP was produced gradually and its concentration in water increased and was highest 48hr after application. NOP seems to diffuse more extensively than naproanilide owing to its greater solubility. The concentrations of these two compounds on the soil surface decreased depending on distance from the site of application: they were higher in water 6cm deep than in 2cm at areas distant from the point of application. This result indicates that these compounds diffuse more extensively in deep water than in shallow water.
Examination of the relationship between herbicidal efficacy on Sagittaria pygmaea and concentration of naproanilide showed that the minimum lethal concentration of the compound in 2cm deep water was 0.35ppm and was 0.2ppm at 6cm.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Yukari Sunohara, Kenji Usui, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Masako Sakoda-Hoshi, K ...1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 256-264
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClomeprop [2-(2, 4-dichloro-3-methyl phenoxy) propionanilide] is classified as a hormone-type herbicide, and was reported tohydrolyze to DMPA [2-(2, 4-dichloro-3-methyl phenoxy) propionic acid] in plants. Auxinic activity of clomeprop was compared with DMPA and several plant hormones to investigate whether clomeprop itself exhibit auxinic activity. Results were as follows: (1) In all the auxinic activity tests performed: maize coleoptile elongation test, mung bean slit test and ethylene production test, clomeprop exhibited lower auxinic activity than its metabolite DMPA. (2) DMPA showed higher inhibitory activity on maize and mung bean growth than clomeprop. (3) DMPA bound with the putative maize membrane-bound auxin receptor, while clomeprop did not. It can thus be concluded that clomeprop has no auxinic activity and that the metabolite DMPA is the active compound in the auxinic action.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Do-Jin Lee, Kenji Usui, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Katsuichiro Kobayashi, Kozo ...1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 265-266
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (250K) -
Rie Miyaura, Misako Ito1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 267-274
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Yoichi Namae1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 275-288
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3126K) -
1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 289-309
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1958K) -
Yasuhiro Yogo, Akira Koarai, Akihide Fushimi, Hiroshi Tsuyuzaki1995 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 313-317
Published: February 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (663K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|