Journal of Weed Science and Technology
Online ISSN : 1882-4757
Print ISSN : 0372-798X
ISSN-L : 0372-798X
Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Masuji Miyahara
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 69-74
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Masahide Onoe, Do-Jin Lee, Katsuichiro Kobayashi, Hirosi Sugiyama
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 75-79
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The downward mobility of soil applied thenylchlor [2-chloro-N-(3-methoxy-2-thienyl) methy 1-2′, 6′-dimethylacet-anilide] in soil investigated using a soil column was greater in Ryugasaki paddy soil than in Yawara paddy soil. The amount of thenylchlor in the fresh-and centrifuged-soil at 0-1cm soil layer were much greater in Yawara soil than in Ryugasaki soil, whereas at 1-5cm soil layers the amount of thenylchlor in the plant available soil water was greater in Ryugasaki soil than in Yawara soil at all soil layers. Growth of Echinochloa crus-galli was strongly inhibited at 0-2cm soil layers in both soils. In Ryugasaki soil, the growth of E. crus-galli was also strongly inhibited at 2-4cm layers and slightly inhibited at 4-5cm soil layer. However, no phytotoxicity was observed at 2-5cm layers in Yawara soil. Growth inhibition of E. crus-galli was well correlated with the concentration of thenylchlor in plant available soil water. The adsorption of thenylchlor was greater in Yawara soil than in Ryugasaki soil, whereas its desorption was greater in Ryugasaki soil than in Yawara soil. Relationship between herbicidal activity and mobility of thenylchlor applied to soils is discussed.
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  • Kangetsu Hirase, Seiichi Shimono, Tamotsu Asano
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 80-86
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Naproanilide behavior in water and herbicidal efficacy of a wettable powder containing floating carrier, hollow glass particles, packed in water soluble film was investigated. Naproanilide release from the formulation into water was dependent on the concentration of the floating carrier in the formulation. When the concentration of the carrier was high, the formulation floated on the water surface until the wettable powder completely diffused into water and naproanilide amount released from the formulation into water was large. If the concentration of the carrier was low, the entire body of the formulation sank soon after the film dissolved in water resulting in low release of naproanilide. In a greenhouse experiment, naproanilide diffusion in the water was sufficient to control Monochoria vaginalis growing throughout a test plot when the content of the floating carrier in the formulation was 20%. However, when carrier content was less than 14%, little amount of naproanilide diffused in the water and the herbicidal efficacy was extremely low.
    These results indicate that this wettable powder packed in water soluble film containing 20% floating carrier has potential as a formulation which could reduce the labor of herbicide application in paddy fields.
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  • Nobuharu Goto, Seiji Sando, Yuki Sato, Koji Hasegawa
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 87-94
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lepidimoide secreted from seeds of cress, Lepidium sativum L. increased to varying hypocotyl lengths, number of rosette leaves, plant height, plant mass (fresh and dry weight at maturation), and seed production in several wild-types of Arabidopsis thaliana. The substance accelerated flowering without reducing the number of rosette leaves. The degree of response to lepidimoide differed greatly among the wildtype lines: for the hypocotyl growth the greatest effect appeared in lines Enkheim and Can-0. The development of rosette leaves was enhanced in lines Enkheim, C24 and Can-0. The leaf area of lines WS and Enkheim was enlarged. The flowering time was hastened most in lines C24 and Cl-0. Lines Zü-0 and Can-0 did not flower after 75 days of culture regardless of lepidimoide treatment, although the plant size was markedly enlarged by this substance. Among the popular lines in recent molecular and physiological studies, WS and Columbia were sensitive, but Landsberg (erecta) was generally insensitive to lepidimoide.
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  • Yukari Sunohara, Kenji Usui, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Katsuichiro Kobayashi
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 95-103
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Whether ethylene is involved in morphological changes due to clomeprop [2-(2, 4-dichloro-m-tolyloxy) propionanilide] was examined to further determine the mode of action of the herbicide in radish seedlings. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase inhibitor, arrested clomeprop- or its hydrolyzed product, 2-(2, 4-dichloro-m-tolyloxy) propionic acid (DMPA)-induced morphological changes in radish seedlings, such as leaf curling and epinasty to some extent. These morphological changes were considerably reduced when 2, 5-norbornadiene (NBD), a competitive ethylene binding inhibitor, was applied after clomeprop or DMPA treatment. Ethephon (2-chloroethyl-phosphonic acid), an ethylene releasing agent, inhibited elongation of the first leaves. The enhancement of ethylene evolution by clomeprop occurred later than DMPA. ACC synthase, which converts S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to ehtylene precursor ACC, was activated by clomeprop and DMPA, however, ACC oxidase, the enzyme that converts ACC to ethylene, was not activated by either substance. These results suggest that clomeprop is hydrolyzed to DMPA and then promotes ethylene production by activating ACC synthase. Accumulated ethylene might be responsible for clomeprop-induced morphological changes in radish seedlings.
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  • Katsuichiro Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Yogo, Hirosi Sugiyama
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 104-109
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In growth response to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl [ethyl 5-[[3-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) ureido] sulfonyl]-1 H-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate], indica rice cultivars were more tolerant than japonica cultivars in a manner similar to bensulfuron-methyl [methyl α-[[3-(4, 6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl) ureido] sulfonyl]-o-toluate]. The growth inhibition by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and bensulfuron-metyl was reduced by dimepiperate [S-(α, α-dimethylbenzyl) piperidine-1-carbothioate] in indica and japonica rice cultivars but not in Cyperus serotinus. The mechanism of differential tolerance of rice cultivars to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was discussed in relation to the safening effect of dimepiperate on the growth inhibition by the herbicides.
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  • Kazuhito Matsuo, Masayuki Nemoto
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 110-113
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 114-115
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Hiroshi Matsumoto, Tohru Tominaga, Tadashi Sumiyoshi, Masaaki Tachiban ...
    1995 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 134-140
    Published: August 31, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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