Journal of Weed Science and Technology

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For understanding emergence ecology of Aeschynomene indica L., change of plants number in paddy field and dormancy of seeds buried or placed on soil surface were examined. The results were as follows.
1) In paddy field, seedlings emerged early after transplanting and number of plants increased during flooding period, so it was suggested that many germinable seeds existed just after transplanting.
2) Seeds stored at room temperature for 3 months since harvest in September could not almost germinate and were considered being deeply dormant. After storage in glasshouse until March, these seeds showed high germination percentage, whereas those had been buried into about 10cm depth in paddy field until May could not almost germinate. But the seeds exhumed from paddy field in May showed high germination percentage almost 100% after drying in glasshouse for 11 days.
3 )After storage treatments at soil in Wagner pots from December until next April, the seeds, which had been placed on soil surface in rain-free condition under roof, showed high germination percentage upper 90%. But those had been placed on soil surface outdoors in rainy condition or buried into 10cm depth of soil under roof germinated no more than 10%.
These results suggest that A. indica seeds remain dormant in buried condition but can awaken from dormancy easily on soil surface at dry condition, and drying promotes dormancy awakening of buried seeds rapidly.

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This research was conducted from 1994 through 2002 in the northern Tohoku region of Japan to determine the influence of herbicide application and timing and inter-row cultivation on the control of 3 invasive plant species from Europe, namely, Barbarea vulgaris R. Br., Matricaria inodora L., and Anthemis cotula L. that have invaded the winter wheat fields of Japan. In this region, A. cotula emerges most frequently in the fall and spring. The overwintering adult plants arising from the seedlings that emerge in fall cause serious problems in the fields. In the wheat fields, 3 weed species were effectively controlled by the application of linuron (1,000g a.i. ha⁻¹) to the soil immediately after sowing, the application of ioxynil (600g a.i. ha⁻¹) in early November, which is the time period close to the end of the annual emergence period of these plant species, and by employing either inter-row cultivation or application of ioxynil (600g a.i. ha⁻¹) in early May. The emergence and spread of the 3 weed species could be controlled using a combination of any 2 of the 3 above-mentioned methods. The foliar application of thifensulfuron-methyl (75g a.i. ha⁻¹) is highly effective for the control of A. cotula and M. inodora.

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