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発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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発行日: 1994/03/29
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原稿種別: 付録等
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発行日: 1994/03/29
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i-ix
発行日: 1994/03/29
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池畑 光尚, 劉 浩, 伊橋 隆, 吉原 淳
原稿種別: 本文
p.
1-13
発行日: 1994/03/29
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For the bearing of the propeller shaft of twin screw ships, the shaft bracket is mostly used. The shaft bracket is composed of V-shaped struts which are connected by a boss. The flow around the shaft bracket is so called junction flow near the connection parts of struts to the boss and the ship hull surface. The observation of the flow around the model of the shaft bracket has been carried out in the circulating water channel by two flow visualization methods, one of which is the oil-film method for limiting streamlines and the other of which is the method of color ink injection for streak lines. Nextly we measured the distribution of velocity vectors in three horizontal planes, at the level of the centerline of the boss, at the level of the top of the boss and at the 10cm high level above the center of the boss in the wind tunnel. By these flow visualizations the separation of flow on the surface of the strut has been caught clearly in the photographs, and the separation line has been found to draw different curves outside and inside of the strut in the vicinity of the boss and the flat plate in place of the hull surface. The similar aspect of the flow separation on the surface of the strut mounted laterally inclining on the flat plate has been shown by the computer simulation of CFD computation of a NS solver employing a finite difference method. The comparison between experiments and CFD computation gives good agreement and interesting results about the junction flow of the shaft bracket.
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Chiharu KAWAKITA, Tetsuji HOSHINO, Junichi MINAMIURA
原稿種別: 本文
p.
15-25
発行日: 1994/03/29
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A surface panel method to analyze the hydrodynamic property of hydrofoil, strut and pod configuration in uniform flow is described. Free surface effect is taken into account by the negative images of the bodies. The model experiment of a hydrofoil system was performed in the towing tank and the cavitation tunnel at Nagasaki Experimental Tank, and compared with the calculation by the present panel method. The calculated pressure distribution and lift coefficient are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the negative minimum pressure coefficient-C_<pmin>, calculated by the present panel method corresponds well with the cavitation inception index σ_i. From a practical point of view, the present method is one of the useful design tool for the hydrofoil craft.
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Chen-Jun YANG, Guo-Qiang WANG, Hajime KOIZUKA
原稿種別: 本文
p.
27-37
発行日: 1994/03/29
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A numerical study on the hydrodynamic spindle torque and open water characteristics of CPPs is described in this paper. Both vortex lattice and surface panel methods are employed in the numerical calculations for the purpose. In the vortex lattice method existance of the boss is also taken into consideration by a panel method. In the surface panel method based on potential formulation, the body and wake surfaces are approximated by a number of small hyperboloidal quadrilateral panels with constant source and doublet distribution. The comparisons between numerical results and experimental data indicates that the surface panel method is a little improvement over the vortex lattice method in the spindle torque prediction and the vortex lattice method is, however, a valuable tool for practical use.
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中武 一明, 安東 潤, 中村 裕広, 片岡 克己
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p.
39-47
発行日: 1994/03/29
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In 1920, Wood and Harris explained the mechanism and the overall flow fields about a propeller working in a wind (or cavitation) tunnel using the momentum theory. And their diagrams are applied to the experimental characteristics of a propeller tested in a cavitation tunnel in order to obtain those of the propeller working in open water. This paper treats the same problem and clarifies the mechanism hydrodynamically using the quasi-continuous vortex lattice method and the boundary element method to express the propeller and the tunnel wall. We show some numerical examples which support Wood and Harris' results.
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安川 宏紀
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p.
49-60
発行日: 1994/03/29
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For accurate prediction of ship maneuverability, it is indispensable to estimate accurately rudder forces of a ship. In this paper, an attempt is made of estimation of the rudder forces, which mean rudder normal force and hull forces induced by steering, for general ship hull forms using a method developed by the present author. This method can evaluate the rudder forces taking the interaction effects of the hull and propeller into account within the potential theory. Especially, steady rudder forces acting on the ship steered in straightly moving condition is focused from the viewpoint of course-keeping ability. As a result, it is found that the present method is useful for practical estimation of the rudder forces behind the hull and propeller. Further, effects of wake fraction, rudder area and distance between hull and rudder on hull-rudder interaction coefficients and steady turning performance are discussed.
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楊 建民, 松井 志郎, 玉島 正裕, 山崎 隆介
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p.
61-79
発行日: 1994/03/29
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A method for calculating the hydrodynamic forces acting on an obliquely sailing ship with helm angle is developed, in which the mutual interaction among hull, propeller and rudder is taken into account. The hull and rudder are treated by the surface panel method, and the propeller is expressed by the simplified propeller theory. The hull to be calculated is not limited to be slender or thin because of the use of the surface panel method. A wake vortex model of an obliquely sailing hull is proposed for saving computer time after an iteration procedure for determining the wake vortex shape completed. To express hydrodynamic interaction between hull and propeller-rudder system, new interaction coefficients are introduced.
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Satoru ISHIKAWA
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p.
81-94
発行日: 1994/03/29
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This paper discribes the capabilities of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to predict ship's viscous resistance and the nominal wake fraction. A grid sensitivity study is first performed to determine the appropriate number of grids and minimum grid spacing. The method is then applied to a series of full hull forms with the same foreboy and different aftbodies. It is confirmed that the CFD method employed here can fairly estimate the difference of the resistance and wake fractions due to the difference of the hull forms, as was found in the experiments.
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新開 明二, 森 哲也, 山口 悟
原稿種別: 本文
p.
95-104
発行日: 1994/03/29
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The paper deals with the detail investigations of the pitch-stabilizing performance of a high speed small craft equipped with the Anti-Pitching Tank which has been shown in the former report. The pitch-stabilizing apparatus is constructed in the forepeak tank of the boat, which behaves itself like a partially-filled sea-ducted tank, and then the apparatus is activated in this paper. The governing equations for heaving and pitching motions of the boat in regular waves are proposed in the consideration of the behavior of the anti-pitching tank on the basis of the Watanabe's theory (U-tube theory) and the Ordinary Strip Method, and the governing equations of heave and pitch for the activated case are also proposed. For the assesment of pitch-stabilizing performance, vertical motion, vertical velocity, vertical acceleration and jerk on ship hull are calculated and used. By the calculated results, it is confirmed that an activated anti-pitching tank is a useful pitch-stabilizing device for a high speed boat.
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新開 明二, 瀧本 努
原稿種別: 本文
p.
105-117
発行日: 1994/03/29
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This paper presents a numerical method based upon the Vortex Lattice Method for analyzing areo-dynamic characteristics of three dimensional membrane sails. The numerical method has been constructed with two principal algorithms, that is, the aero-dynamic analisis algorithm of the Vortex Lattice Method and the sail deformation calculating algorithm of the Finite Element Method (the shallow shell linear theory). A series of numerical calculations are executed for rigid wings (rectangular wing, delta wing, circular arc wing and tapered wing) and a three domensional membrane triangular sail by using the numerical method. In order to investigate the estimating accuracy of aerodynamic characteristics, the numerical results of rigid wings are compared with calculated results and experimental results by literatures, and then the usefulness of the numerical method is discussed for a three domensional membrane triangular sail in any conditions.
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橋詰 泰久, 松井 志郎
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p.
119-124
発行日: 1994/03/29
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The paper deals with PMM (Planar Motion Mechanism) test for ship models in CWC (Circulating Water Channel). Dynamic captive test in CWC has differences from test in towing tank. One of the different points is motion of model against the ground. In the case of test in CWC, the motion of model against the water is generated with the motion of PMM and flow velocity of CWC. The authors present the method of analysis for PMM test in CWC. And the comparison between data in towing tank and data in CWC is shown in the case of oblique towing test and pure yawing test. In order to check the blockage effect, oblique towing test is carried out with changing the setting position of a model in transverse direction in CWC. By the experimental results, PMM test in CWC using small model is shown to be effective.
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Wojciech A. MISIAG, Kuniji KOSE
原稿種別: 本文
p.
125-133
発行日: 1994/03/29
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The effect of uncertainty in the estimation of the parameters of MMG maneuvering model is studied. The changes of one of the model parameters as well as multiple changes of the parameters are modeled. The analysis of the variance of the maneuvering indices points out a distinct influence of the model parameters on the resultant uncertainty of the maneuvering indices. A simple ranking procedure orders the tested parameters of the model according to their influence on the maneuverability and uncertainty. The relative sensitivity parameters are introduced for easier discription of the model parameters' influence. The uncertainty of the maneuvering index estimation is a function of MMG model parameters; it is large for dynamically unstable ships that have been tested. Therefore the estimation of the model parameters' errors and resulting confidence bounds of the maneuvering indices' estimates is advised.
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貴島 勝郎, 前川 和義, 烏野 慶一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
135-143
発行日: 1994/03/29
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For predicting a ship manoeuvring characteristics by using mathematical model, it will be very important to estimate the hydrodynamic forces acting on ship. This hydrodynamic force depends on especially the ship's form, then it needs to estimate the hydrodynamic force acting on ship considering sufficiently with ship's form such as the frame line with high accuracy. As to these problems, Fuwa has proposed a numerical calculation method for the estimation of hydrodynamic forces acting on ship based on slender body theory. Though this method is able to estimate the hydrodynamic forces considering hull form, strength and generation point of free vortex must be determined by comparison with experimental data. In this paper, we calculated the lateral force and yaw moment acting on a ship in oblique and rotate motion by Fuwa's method. Furthermore, we examined the parameter "s" that represents the generation point of free vortex and that influences hydrodynamic forces considerably. From the results of numerical calculation, we got the conclusions as follows, (1) This method is useful for the estimation of the hydrodynamic forces acting on ship considering hull form. (2) The parameter "s" that represents the generation point of free vortex should be decided considering hull form and ship motion. (3) Further investigation on the vortex model using in this paper is necessary to estimate the hydrodynamic forces acting on ship in large motion.
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貴島 勝郎, 古川 芳孝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
145-153
発行日: 1994/03/29
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Lateral thrusters that are equipped with in a ship are one of the effective devices to manoeuvre ship easily at restricted water or at berthing. These thrusters are most effective at low speed, but it is well known that the force and moment generated by thruster decrease as forward speed of ship increase. Therefore, it is important to grasp the performance of thruster at when ship is moving from the viewpoints of both ship's design and marine safety. The one of the authors has already proposed the prediction method for thruster performance as to these problems. This prediction method approximates that the ship is substituted with a rectangular wing. Therefore, this prediction method does not include an effect of her breadth. However, an effect of ship breadth is one of the most important factors related with interaction force between ship and jet generated by thruster that causes decrease of thruster performance. From these points, we proposed prediction method that includes effect of body shape to estimate a performance of the thruster that is equipped with on lower hull of offshore platform as a function of forward speed in previous paper. In this paper, we apply this prediction method to ordinary ship and we examine the performance of thruster at when ship is moving with forward speed. From the comparison between result of numerical simulations and result of experiments using model ship, we got the following concluding remarks. The result of numerical calculation using present method expresses the transition of lateral force and yawing moment generated by the thruster as a function of forward speed, though the ratio of decrease of force generated by the thruster is somewhat smaller than the result of experiment.
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北島 良則, 土岐 直二, 南浦 純一, 尾下 正憲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
155-168
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries recently completed the construction and the sea trials of its original hydrofoil catamaran, the Super-Shuttle 400 "Rainbow". She is a fully submerged hydrofoil for that the development of control system is a big task. Based on the result of concept design of the control system, the authors planned and carried out the following model tests to obtain data necessary for the detail design of the system. (1) Test using a small radio-controlled model manufactured on the basis of concept design of the actual craft to study on basic requirements of the control system. (2) Take-off and landing simulations by controlling a bigger model in the towing tank, together with the measurement of resistance in hull-borne and foil-borne conditions. The results of these model tests were occasionally reflected to the design of the control system, and the "Rainbow" could take-off quite successfully in her sea trial.
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岩本 才次
原稿種別: 本文
p.
169-183
発行日: 1994/03/29
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This paper deals with the experimental analysis of the shallow water wave dynamics in a ship in order to confirm the usefulness of the modified Random Choice Method (RCM). A swinging table apparatus is made compact for the using of a small type of servomotor and some sorts of tank models are produced. A series of experiments are methodically carried out to verify the effectiveness of the modified RCM for shallow water problems. The modified RCM can investigate the free surface configurations of shallow water in broad perspective but not spilling breaker or plunging breaker. The hydraulic jump and the standing wave appear almost precisely at T_θ=T_1 and T_θ=T_3 respectively, where T_1 is the first natural period of rolling for the shallow water and T_3 (=T_1/3) the third natural period of rolling. The existence of the position of a tank where the free surface is not disturbed is also proved experimentally and numerically. As these experimental results, it became known that the modified RCM is valid for the analysis of the shallow water wave dynamics in a swinging tank.
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有冨 正男, 富 武満
原稿種別: 本文
p.
185-200
発行日: 1994/03/29
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Detailed considerations are given for the motion of Foucault's pendulum suspended by a string from a support that can rotate freely. It is well-known that the vertical axis attached to the support of the pendrum rotates with uniform angular velocity due to Coriolis force induced by the rotation of the Earth. In an earlier work, one of the present writers derived an equation of motion for a load suspended from a slewing jib crane attached to a rotating vertical pole. This equation is applied to analyze the motion of Foucault's pendulum. It is shown that the centrifugal force abuot the suport may have a signifficant effect on the pendulum motion. Exact solutions are obtained and experiments on Foucault's pendulum are then conducted to confirm the theoretical predictions.
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新宅 英司, 小川原 陽一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
201-209
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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Recently, ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) is often used in the development of the ocean resources. But ROV receives energy and information from mother ship by cable, and so the activity of the vehicle is restricted. By this reason untethered type ocean robot has recently been reserched and developed. Because of the energy of the ocean robot is limited, saving of the energy consumption is important to expand working area of the robot and to put it to practical use. In this paper, the dynamic optimization theory is applied to find the trajectory of the hand of the manipulator, which minimizes the energy consumption. The model of the under water manipulator is 2-joint that moves in a vertical plane. Since the energy consumption assumes to be proportional to the system input, the performance index is the time integral of the square of magnitude of system input. The problem that brings the hand from initial position to final position in a given time is formulated as two point boundary value problem. The problem is solved numerically by using a Newton-like method. As a result, in present method saving of the energy consumption is about 40% compared with another model which minimizes the rate of the change of acceleration of the position of the hand. If the gravity term and the buoyancy term are cancelled, it is shown that the trajectory is independent of the final time, or it depends only on the initial position and final position of the hand.
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小川原 陽一, 平方 勝, 南 佳成, 新宅 英司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
211-219
発行日: 1994/03/29
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Recently an optimal regulator theory is often used to the multivariable control system. There are some problem in designing the system with optimal regulator theory. First, the designer must resort to trial and error iteration to the design of the control system. And second, that theory needs accurate mathematical model of the controlled system. So we try to apply the Learning Feed-Forward Controller (LFFC) to multivariable control system. This control system uses a neural network and consists of a feed-forward controller based on an inverse-dynamics model of the controlled system and a feedback controller. The inversedynamics model needs only simple structure of the system. In our earlier paper we applied the LFFC system to single input and single output system which control heading angle using rudder. In this paper we expand its application to the multivariable control system which is 2-input 2-output system that controls heading angle and position in y-direction using a bow thruster and a stern thruster. Because it is difficult to derive the inverse-dynamics model of the system, we approximate the inverse system with linearised model. Moreover to hasten the learning speed we modified usual learning equation by adding proportional term. As a result, the multivariable manoeuvring system with LFFC has a good controllability and the neural network with proposed learning equation can be recognized to learn the inverse system in real-time.
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Ikuo YAMAMOTO, Yuuzi TERADA, Eiichi KOBAYASHI, Toru TOGITA
原稿種別: 本文
p.
221-228
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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An advanced ship control system was created for achieving higher maneuverability under severe environmental conditions. The basic concept is proposed in this paper. The maneuvering characteristics were examined by using a ship model, and the effectiveness of the control system was confirmed for various cruising modes. Also, this control algorithm can be applied to ship with various types and numbers of actuators.
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倉本 美男, 井上 俊司, 高木 啓太
原稿種別: 本文
p.
229-237
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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The simulation method DISAM, which has been developed by the authors, is applied for estimation of local stresses on side longitudinal frames of bulk carrier in ocean waves. As a result of the application, findings on the correlation of loads are obtained as follows. (1) Internal pressure and external pressure have negative correlation each other. (ρ=-0.6) (2) Vertical bending and horizontal bending on hull girder have little correlation. (ρ=0.1) (3) Pressure and hull girder bending have positive correlation each other. (ρ=0.6)
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福田 順子
原稿種別: 本文
p.
239-262
発行日: 1994/03/29
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Smoothing methods to improve accuracy of the stress distribution obtained by Finite Element Method using constant strain triangles are proposed. The accuracy of obtained stresses along boundaries of a domain, implemented by simple averages of stresses of the adjoined elements having a common node, is generally known as it is lower than those of internal ones. Author proposed a method furnishing more accurate stresses on the boundary of the domain. This method using nodal forces is also possible to effectively adapt to the shape optimaization problem through the process of calculation. This paper presents also a smoothing method by means of the regression of plane of stresses which approximate stressess in the domain formed by the triangular elements that hold in a common nodal point. But the stress values obtained by FEM is assumed as the stress values at the center of gravity of each triangular element. Those smoothing methods are investigated through the dependency of improvements of the accuracy on the pattern of generated meshes and mesh sizes for applied examples.
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北村 充, 信川 寿, 大坪 英臣, 栗本 英二
原稿種別: 本文
p.
263-273
発行日: 1994/03/29
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Though the finite element method is a powerful numerical method for solving several engineering problems, it is well known that the method can not give us the exact solution. One of the factors for producing errors in the finite element solutions is unproper mesh sub-division. This paper proposes a simple technique for estimating the a posteriori error in the finite element solutions caused by descritization in space. Two problems solved here show the accuracy of the error estimation by the proposed method. In another problem, adaptive mesh sub-divisions are executed based on the error distribution as well as stress distribution. The result indicates the effectiveness of the adaptive mesh technique based on the proposed error estimation.
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柳 和久, 椛田 剛, 山本 明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
275-286
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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Recently the reduction in vibrations on a large ferry is a major problem. To achieve excellent vibratory properties, it is very important to grasp complicated vibrational response characteristics of a ferry with accuracy. In this paper, vibrational response characteristics which occured in ferry are classified by phenomena and excitation forces. In order to investigate the vibrational phenomena in ferry, detailed vibrations calculations by means of finite element analysis and vibrational experiments on actual ships are carried out. The obtained conclusions are as follows. (1) Vibrational response characteristics occur in ferry are classified into six kinds of vibration phenomena. And at each vibrational phenomenon, excitation force and vibrational feature are clarified. (2) It is confirmed that the main hull higher nodal vibration phenomena excited by first harmonics of main engine excitation force are evaluated by means of detailed finite element analysis. (3) The mechanism of the first harmonic excitation force transmitting the hull from the main engine is made clear. (4) The main hull higher vibration phenomena excited by first harmonics of propeller excitation force are confirmed. In addition, vibrations and noise excited by higher harmonics of main excitation force are grasped.
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藤田 一誠, 山崎 幸治, 渡辺 栄一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
287-300
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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Ship vibration excited by its propeller and its main engine is a high-order vibration coupled by vibrations from the main engine, the shaft, the hull and the superstructure, and elucidation of such vibrational phenomena is very important to ship vibration control design. To achieve it, it is necessary to develop a practical simulation type vibration control design technique capable of reflecting characteristics of exciting forces and the vibration transfer flows from the shaft and the main engine to the ship structure, to computational models, with a fast processing capability. To implement such a simulator, The authors developed Simulation System for ship Vibration based on EWS recently marked with its higher speed and performance achievements. This paper presents verification on the accuracy of this Simulation System for Ship Vibration as well as confirmation of its effectiveness and practicability, based on its application to an actual ship.
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安澤 幸隆, 大村 友利栄, 大高 勝夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
301-312
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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Noise control and prediction in ships or cruisers have become more important for designers because social demand for amenity has recently increased. In the field of marine engineering also suppression of noise that originates from ship structure to the sea has to be done so that the accuracy of measurement under oceanographic survey may be heightened. In a ship structure, noise is transmitted through air, water, and structures. Noise due to structure borne sound can be calculated and predicted by using statistical energy method. But many parts of ship structure are contacted with water and therefore the effect of contacted fluid on sound characteristics has to be incorporated with the sound prediction analysis. In this paper numerical analysis of sound transmission problem through a plate in contact with fluid is performed by using finite element method for the plate and boundary element method for the fluid region. And sound transmission loss, radiation efficiency, and directional characteristics of transmitted sound are shown for some combinations of contacted fluid. Finally some consideration on conversion of this analysis, especially on element size, is presented.
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藤本 由紀夫, 水上 優, 梶 利光, 石倉 功史
原稿種別: 本文
p.
313-323
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
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Monte Carlo Simulation is a versatile method in structural reliability analysis. In this study, a probability space probing method is presented for the efficient estimate of failure probability in ealsto-plastic structural problem, where failure functions can not given explicitly. In order to probe the location and the shape of failure functions by a limited number of simulations, the range of each random variable is divided into n intervals, and the probability domain consisting of m variables is roughly divided into n^m number of subregions. This subregion is expressed by the m-dimensional hypercube. The structural analyses are carried out using the values at the corners of each hypercube. If the structure fail or not fail at all the corners of a hypercube, then the subregion is regarded as belonging to the failure or safety domain, respectively. Else if the structure fail at some corners and not fail at the other corners of a hypercube, then the subregion is regarded as lying across the failure function. For the hypercubes lying across the failure function, the subregions are divided into half size in each axis, and the structural analyses are carried out again using the values at the corners of the half size hypercubes. Then the subregions are classified into the above three groups: safety domain, failure domain, domain lying across the failure function. Repeating this subdivision process for several times, the failure function comes up clearly in the probability space. The failure probability of the structure can be obtained by the numerical integration of the probability density in the failure domain. The proposed method is applied to the mathematical problems and the structural problems. Through the numerical simulation it is made clear that the proposed method is more efficient than the importance sampling method when the number of random variables is less than four. Further it is found that the efficiency of the proposed method is not influenced by the level of failure probability.
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原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App3-
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
会議録・要旨集
フリー
-
原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App4-
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
会議録・要旨集
フリー
-
原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App5-
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
会議録・要旨集
フリー
-
原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App6-
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
会議録・要旨集
フリー
-
原稿種別: 目次
p.
Toc1-
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
会議録・要旨集
フリー
-
原稿種別: 表紙
p.
Cover3-
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
会議録・要旨集
フリー
-
原稿種別: 表紙
p.
Cover4-
発行日: 1994/03/29
公開日: 2018/03/01
会議録・要旨集
フリー
