巻号一覧
124 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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一般論文
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久保田 豊, 三原 潔, 石井 文由, 大野 恵子, 緒方 宏泰, 牧村 瑞恵, 菊池 憲和, 北野 妙子2004 年 124 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
発行日: 2004/01/01
公開日: 2004/01/09
ジャーナル フリーWe performed a systematic review of the effectiveness of anti-emetics for prophylaxis of cisplatin-induced delayed emesis using meta-analysis. We selected 12 reports of randomized controlled trials from MEDLINE (1966-2003. 4) and The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2003. Nine of these reports were evaluated as high quality and the others as low quality according to the evaluation criteria of Jadad et al., and only the high-quality reports were subjected to meta-analysis. The statistical results obtained from all 12 reports were also compared with those obtained from the 9 reports of high quality. Corticosteroids significantly reduced the occurrence of delayed emesis. Metoclopramide tended to reduce the occurrence of delayed emesis, although not to a significant extent. In contrast, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists did not show a significant prophylactic effect on delayed emesis. Combination treatments using corticosteroids with metoclopramide or 5-HT3 receptor antagonists did not show significant additional benefits over corticosteroids alone. In conclusion, treatment with corticosteroids without additional metoclopramide or 5-HT3 receptor antagonists appears to be preferable for the prevention of delayed emesis induced by cisplatin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (767K) -
山之内 恒昭, 永田 佳恵, 川尻 憲行, 三村 泰彦, 川上 純一, 足立 伊佐雄2004 年 124 巻 1 号 p. 13-18
発行日: 2004/01/01
公開日: 2004/01/09
ジャーナル フリーMorphine is the dominant medication to control cancer pain. Morphine consumption has been increasing each year in many countries including Japan based on the understanding of the WHO report on the treatment of cancer pain. To evaluate the recent and current state of palliative medication for cancer patients in Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University (TMPU) Hospital, the amount of and trend in the use of morphine preparations from 1992 to 2001 were investigated. The amount used increased every year to 3.9-fold of that in 1992 at the end of this survey. Inpurticalar, the consumption of morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets and morphine hydrochloride injection increased markedly, because both total dose in individual patients and the number of patients treated with high-dose morphine increased. The distribution of the maximum daily dose in TMPU Hospital was similar to that in a specialist hospital in oncology. In conclusion, morphine consumption will increase to achieve better palliative care and to improve quality of life in cancer patients, and therefore appropriate use and regulation of narcotic preparations are necessary.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (573K) -
平沢 憲幸, 石瀬 早世子, 宮田 ひとみ2004 年 124 巻 1 号 p. 19-23
発行日: 2004/01/01
公開日: 2004/01/09
ジャーナル フリーNilvadipine (NIL) solid-dispersion tablets were stored counter to packaging instructions by exposing them to 40°C, 25°C, 75% relative humidity, and light. The dissolution, stability assay, and tablet properties (weight, thickness and hardness) were then examined. NIL dissolved more than 85% after all storage periods with exposure to high temperature and humidity. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that NIL was present in an amorphous state as in the initialstate. The stability assay of NIL showed that it was more than 99% stable during all storage periods when exposed to temperature, humidity, and light, indicating good stability. Tablet properties were influenced by humidity more than by temperature, and the hardness of tablets decreased with time to 42.9 N after storage of 3 months.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (397K)
ノート
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山口 友明, 井田 隆, 小林 高義, 平賀 正純, 大石 一彦, 内田 幸宏, 越前 宏俊2004 年 124 巻 1 号 p. 25-29
発行日: 2004/01/01
公開日: 2004/01/09
ジャーナル フリーThe guinea-pig basilar artery smooth muscle cell (GBa-SM3) culture system in the Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 3 days serves as a useful in vitro model for assessing antiproliferative effects of various therapeutic agents on vessels. With use of this system we studied whether human serum obtained from patients with acute cerebral infarction (n=16) would have a proliferative effect on vessels and whether an administration of a free radical scavenger, edaravone, with or without amlodipine would elicit antiproliferative effects. The control serum was obtained from 3 healthy human subjects. Time courses of the cell growth and survival were measured colorimetrically by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The stimulatory effect on the proliferation of GBa-SM3 cells of patients' serum obtained immediately after infarction was significantly (p<0.05) greater than those obtained from the same patients after the treatment of edaravone for 2 weeks. In addition, the serum obtained from the patients treated by edaravone and amlodipine (n=7) showed a significantly (p<0.05) greater antiproliferative effect than that obtained from those treated by edaravone (n=9). In conclusion, edaravone may have a clinically beneficial antiproliferative effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. Co-administration of amlodipine, possessing an antioxidative calcium channel blocker, with edaravone may be a promising combination to patients with acute cerebral infarction. Further controlled clinical trials with a large number of patients should be warranted.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (421K) -
加沼 緑, 山田 千恵, 岡 希太郎2004 年 124 巻 1 号 p. 31-36
発行日: 2004/01/01
公開日: 2004/01/09
ジャーナル フリーStructures and amounts of methylpyrazines contained in commercial natto, a fermented soybean food in Japan, were determined using HPLC equipped with an acid-resistant reversed phase column, Capcell Pak C18 ACR (Shiseido). Mobile phase solvent mixtures consisted of acidic phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.0) containing 2% acetonitrile gave satisfactory results with baseline separation of the authentic specimens, such as naked pyrazine, monomethylpyrazine, 2,3-, 2,5-, and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, and tetramethylpyrazine. We used the mobile-phase solvent with a flow rate of 1 ml/min at 15.0°C. Before HPLC, commercial natto samples were treated with water to prepare diluted suspensions of surface mucous materials. The suspensions were treated on Sep-Pac C18 Cartridges (Waters) with phosphate buffer solutions containing 2—7% acetonitrile. The extracts were then injected into the analytical column to obtain chromatograms that were used to determine the structures and amounts of methylpyrazines. The results showed that a commercialiy packed natto contains a considerable amount of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine instead of the tetrametyl- and trimethylpyrazines in the traditional products. This may be a result of recent efforts of natto makers whose interests have been focused on new methods for preparing odorless products.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (518K)
資料
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関口 雅樹, 山門 一平, 加藤 哲太, 鳥越 甲順2004 年 124 巻 1 号 p. 37-42
発行日: 2004/01/01
公開日: 2004/01/09
ジャーナル フリーWe have introduced problem-based learning using small groups (five to 10 students per group) as a new teaching approach for pharmacy students. Our approach uses clinical cases and has four steps. First, the students read the problem and identify any unfamiliar terminology. They then study these unfamiliar terms along with other learning issues as requested by a tutor. Second, in a discussion period each student provides a summary of his/her individual learning issues to the group and has an opportunity to learn from group members. The group identifies what is understood and works to correct any inefficiencies or difficulties. Third, the problem is then reexamined, critiquing the initial explanations and hypotheses, elaborating on earlier uncertainties, and synthesizing newly acquired knowledge. In addition, during this step the discussion focuses on medications for improving patient symptoms. Finally, each group presents its problem-solving process and a solution to the clinical problem. Each group uses this period to make a creative presentation using role-playing or a panel discussion. This method of problem-based learning in a small-group format is useful as a learning method to acquire expert knowledge and to increase student motivation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K)
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