巻号一覧
128 巻, 1 号
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誌上シンポジウム
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八木 清仁2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 1-2
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (182K) -
八木 清仁, 小島 翠, 大八木 優, 池田 悦子, 廣瀬 志弘, 磯田 勝広, 川瀬 雅也, 近藤 昌夫, 大串 始2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 3-9
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーStem cell-based therapy has received attention as a possible alternative to organ transplantation, owing to the ability of stem cells to repopulate and differentiate at the engrafted site. We transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into liver-injured rats to test the therapeutic effect. Rat bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis indicated that the BMSCs expressed the albumin mRNA and the production of protein after cultivation with HGF for 2 weeks. The BMSCs appeared to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in response to the culture with HGF. After labeling with a fluorescent marker, the BMSCs were transplanted into CCl4-injured rats by injection through the caudal vein. The liver was excised and blood samples were collected 4 weeks later. Engraftment of the transplanted BMSCs was seen with significant fluorescence in the injured liver. Transplantation of the BMSCs into liver-injured rats restored their serum albumin level and suppressed transaminase activity and liver fibrosis. Therefore, BMSCs were shown to have a therapeutic effect on liver injury. Recently, we have been trying to use mesenchymal stem cells isolated from dental papilla of discarded human wisdom teeth. Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and dental papilla could be ethically and functionally promising for stem cell-based therapy.
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松崎 貴2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 11-20
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーHair follicles are the organs that produce hair shafts. They periodically regenerate throughout the life of the organisms, which is called the hair cycle. To develop new drugs to treat hair disorders and diseases, reproducible and high throughput assays or screening methods have been required to estimate the efficacy of various factors on hair follicle function. Although organ culture of hair follicles is one of the useful ways to carry out such research, it is not suitable for manipulating the genes or cells present in hair follicles. Patch assay is a method used to reconstruct hair follicles from enzymatically dissociated skin cells and has many advantages compared to the conventional Chamber method. Using the Patch method, transferring genes into follicular cells becomes easier than ever before. Chimeric follicles could be produced with dissociated cells by modifying the combination of cells or by simply merging cells of different origins. These applications certainly help the progress of hair research. However, we recently found that some functions of dermal papillae and follicular epithelia change during the growing phase (anagen) of the hair cycle. Dermal papillae produce different factors in early anagen and mid anagen. The signals from dermal papillae in early anagen could produce hair bulbs with clonogenic epithelial precursors but not with dormant epithelial precursors. On the other hand, the signals from dermal papillae in mid anagen strongly promote hair formation with dormant epithelial precursors. Therefore, more attention should be given to the hair cycle stages when using organ culture of hair follicles and conducting reconstruction experiments with follicularly derived cells.
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井藤 彰, 本多 裕之, 上平 正道2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 21-28
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーMagnetic nanoparticles for medical applications have been developed by many researchers. Since these nanoparticles have unique magnetic features not present in other materials, they can be applied to special medical techniques. Magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs), one group of the cationic magnetic particles, can be used as carriers to introduce magnetite nanoparticles into target cells since their positively charged surface interacts with the negatively charged cell surface. Magnetite nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies (antibody-conjugated magnetoliposomes, AMLs) are applicable to introduce magnetite nanoparticles specifically into target cells, even when target cells coexist with other kinds of cells. Since the cells labeled with magnetite nanoparticles could be manipulated using magnets, we applied this technique to tissue engineering and termed it `magnetic force-based tissue engineering (Mag-TE)'. Both magnetic force and functionalized magnetite nanoparticles were used in a process of tissue engineering: construction of multilayered cell sheet-like structures and tubular structures. Thus, the applications of these functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with their unique features will further improve tissue engineering techniques.
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小森 喜久夫, 名田 順, 宮島 翔太郎, 小野 芳朗, 立間 徹, 酒井 康行2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 29-35
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーConventional in vitro cytotoxicity tests usually do not include toxicokinetic processes that affect final toxicity in the entire body. To overcome this limitation, we have been developing several types of new toxicity test systems and applying them to evaluate hazardous chemicals or environmental samples. In this review, we described two of these new systems; one is a batch-type gas exposure system based on air-liquid interface culture of lung epithelial cells, and the other is a simple double-layered coculture system incorporating permeation and biotransformation processes occurring in the small intestine. In addition, we introduce our latest approach toward further miniaturization of existing tests, that is, determination of minimum cell number necessary for obtaining physiologically-relevant tissue responses.
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渡邉 昌俊, 高木 陽光2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 37-44
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーProstate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignant neoplasm in men in Western countries. In Japan, the number of afflicted men has been increasing although it is still low compared with Western countries. One of the most important problems in prostate cancer patients is treatment for hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Although docetaxel is considered as a first-line chemotherapeutic option in patients with HRPC in the USA, it is still necessary to search and develop new drugs. Spheroid culture models have an invaluable role in tumor biology or drug screening. Characteristics of cancer cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture, especially spheroid culture, differ dramatically from those in two-dimensional (2D) culture. Spheroid culture models appear to be an ideal tool, however, their models have not been incorporated in drug screening. In this article, we demonstrate characterization of prostate cancer spheroids including chemo-resistance compared with 2D culture and xenograft models. Prostate cancer cells except PC-3 formed E-cadherin-mediated spheroids. An immunocytochemical analysis of the spheroids revealed that cells showing Ki-67 were localized in the peripheral layer and the intermediate zone cells showed p27 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), suggesting quiescent cell character. Prostate cancer cells acquired resistance to most agents when grown as spheroids, but not to all of the anticancer agents tested. This article also attempts to provide up-to-date information about spheroids, especially quiescent cells as therapeutic targets and the involvement of genetics and epigenetics in forming spheroids.
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内野 正, 竹澤 俊明, 五十嵐 良明, 徳永 裕司2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 45-50
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーRecently, to study an in vitro evaluation method of skin irritation and acute toxicity, many three-dimensional human skin models consisting of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts have been used. However, these skin models did not have any dendritic cells so were difficult to apply to an in vitro skin sensitization test. On the other hand, a single cell-culture model using normal human dendritic cells was recently studied for an in vitro evaluation method of immune-sensitizing compounds. However, these models have various problems: 1) the life span of dendritic cells is short(within 1 week) and 2) it is difficult to apply water-insoluble samples to these models. To study an alternative to animal testing using immune-sensitizing compounds, we therefore constructed a three-dimensional human skin model consisting of three different cells, dendritic cells (keratinocytes, and fibroblasts) then exposed immune-sensitizing compounds and non-sensitizers to the new skin model for 1 h and investigated the effect of these compounds on cytokine release and expression of CD86. Due to immune-sensitizing compounds, the new skin model significantly released cytokine and significantly expressed CD86. On the other hand, non-sensitizers did not induce IL-1α, IL-2, and IL- 4 release and expression of CD86. These results suggest that the new skin model is suitable for study as an alternative to animal testing using immune-sensitizing compounds.
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竹澤 俊明, 竹内 朋代, 柳原 佳奈, 中沢 有紀子, 二谷 綾, 寺田 聡, 落谷 孝広, 上野 光一2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 51-60
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーTo create new in vitro culture models for extrapolating the cell response in vivo, we attempted to devise culture substrata of anchorage-dependent cells. The first substratum, tissue/organ sections for histopathology(TOSHI)-substratum was found to conserve both tissue composition and microarchitecture in an in vivo environment. Collagen vitrigel membrane, the second substratum investigated, possesses excellent strength and protein permeability. Both substrata were developed and utilized for the culture of various anchorage-dependent cells. TOSHI-substratum prepared from regenerative mouse livers after carbon tetrachloride intoxication efficiently induced the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Also, the time-course cell behavior of two different cell lines on various TOSHI-substrata prepared from rat mature organs was successfully converted into a three-dimensional graph chart, i.e. a mathematical model. These data suggest that the analysis of interactions between different cell types and various TOSHI-substrata will play an important role for a novel approach to study both cellomics and histomics. Meanwhile, the collagen vitrigel membrane is easy to handle by forceps, resulting in double surface-culture of different cell types by the manipulation of two-dimensional cultures. In the crosstalk model between PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells and L929 fibroblasts, nerve growth factor secreted from L929 cells permeated the collagen vitrigel membrane and induced neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells via a paracrine effect. Futhermore, the function of rat primary hepatocytes was well maintained on the collagen vitrigel membrane. These data suggest that the collagen vitrigel membrane-substratum has many advantages for the reconstruction of culture models.
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総説
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林 利光2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 61-79
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーIn the search for novel antiviral molecules from natural products, we have discovered various antiviral molecules with characteristic mechanisms of action. Scopadulciol (SDC), isolated from the tropical medicinal plant Scoparia dulcis L., showed stimulatory effects on the antiviral potency of acyclovir (ACV) or ganciclovir (GCV). This effect of SDC was exerted via the activation of viral thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK) and, as a result, an increase in the cellular concentration of the active form of ACV/GCV, i.e., the triphosphate of ACV or GCV. On the basis of these experimental results, cancer gene therapy using the HSV-1 tk gene and ACV/GCV together with SDC was found to be effective in suppressing the growth of cancer cells in animals. Acidic polysaccharides such as calcium spirulan (Ca-SP) from Spirulina platensis, nostoflan from Nostoc flagelliforme, and a fucoidan from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida (mekabu fucoidan) were also found to be potent inhibitors against several enveloped viruses. Their antiviral potency was dependent on molecular weight and content of the sulfate or carboxyl group as well as counterion species chelating with sulfate groups, indicating the importance of the three-dimensional structure of the molecules. In addition, unlike dextran sulfate, Ca-SP was shown to target not only viral absorption/penetration stages but also some replication stages of progeny viruses after penetration into cells. When mekabu fucoidan or nostoflan was administered with oseltamivir phosphate, their synergistic antiviral effects on influenza A virus were confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo.
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一般論文
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林 宏行, 松崎 貴志, 斉藤 秋雄, 青山 隆彦, 松本 宜明2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 81-87
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーThree types of medication, Arbekacin, Vancomycin, and Teicoplanin, are used primarily to treat MRSA infections. These medications differ in their respective anti-bacterial actions, antibacterial spectrums, and pharmacokinetics. Proper use and dosage is required, and is based on patient background and the conditions of infection, among other factors. This study was conducted for a period of over one year at St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital. It was designed to compare the conditions as they related to why doctors ordered a certain drug, the background, and their clinical examination values. The tendency to avoid selection of Arbekacin Sulfate (ABK) for patients who had kidney dysfunction was recognized, although there were a few exceptions made. Other than that, there were not any standard criteria set in selecting which medication to prescribe. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the appropriateness of the selection since ordering anti-MRSA medication seemed to depend on each doctor's own experience. Serum concentration was measured in order to avoid any side effects. Moreover, cases of young people, normal renal function and malignant tumor patients were recognized in which serum concentration of the anti-MRSA medications was not within the therapeutic range of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). This was to show that there is a possibility the medications involved were not sufficiently effective. Therefore, in the future it will be necessary to ensure that proper dosing instructions are followed.
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村岡 篤, 徳村 忠一, 町田 良治2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 89-95
発行日: 2007/10/16
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーThe use of competing agents is considered a powerful tool for the development of a drug-delivery system with drug/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. However, there are very few studies examining this issue. To explain this phenomenon, it was thought that a competing agent with a sufficiently high stability constant had not yet been reported. In this study, cinnarizine (CN), which has a high stability constant with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and unique solubility characteristics, was selected, and its ability as a competing agent was examined in a membrane permeability study. The permeability study showed that the permeation rates of the drugs flurbiprofen, progesterone, and spironolactone decreased with their stability constants with the addition of β-CD. In one of the drugs, progesterone (Pro), the decrease was restored by the addition of CN. The amount of CN added was a 1:1 molar ratio to the amount of Pro. However, no similar action was induced with the addition of DL-phenylalanine (Phe) in the permeation study at the 1:5 (Pro:Phe) molar ratio. These finding indicate that CN acts as a competing agent, and its action is much stronger than that of Phe.
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田中 直哉, 丸山 恵, 雨谷 鮎子, 早乙女 慶子, 富川 恵里, 道山 恭美子, 近藤 澄子, 田中 秀和, 佐藤 均2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 97-110
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーIt is a prerequisite for community pharmacists to maintain appropriate communication with patients, but a pharmacist licensee usually must learn communication-skills after starting work as a pharmacist. However, an education system and its evaluation methods are expected to be established, since the extent of self-training and rapidity of skill acquisition may vary largely among pharmacists. Therefore in this study we developed a communication-skills education program suitable for community pharmacies, developed objective-structured clinical examination (OSCE) appraisal charts, and carried out that education and its evaluation for a period of 8 months. The appraisal charts created by us were based on items of the “patient-communication station” categorized as one of the six stations in the five areas of pharmacy OSCE. Our questionnaire for pharmacist trainees after receiving communication-skills education/evaluation resulted in responses including such comments as: the education helped to improve their communication-skills; was useful in actual patient consultations; and increased self-confidence in their work. The OSCE scores gradually increased as the trainees completed more courses in the education program. These results show that the education program, which employs an OSCE appraisal chart, leads to specific outcomes in communication skills learning.
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河野 えみ子, 西方 真弓, 岡村 昇, 松山 賢治原稿種別: Regular Article
2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 111-115
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーProstaglandin E1 (PGE1; Alprostadil Alfadex) is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation used to treat patients with peripheral vascular disease. The main adverse effects of intravenous PGE1 administration, phlebitis and venous pain, arise from the unphysiologically low pH of infusion solutions. When PGE1 infusion solutions with a pH value greater then 6 are used, phlebitis and venous pain are considered to be avoidable. Beginning with a PGE1 infusion solution with pH greater than 6, we add the amount of 7% sodium bicarbonate needed to bring the solution to pH 7.4 if phlebitis or venous pain develops. In the present study we established a convenient nomogram showing the relationship between the titratable acidity of various infusion solutions and the volume of 7% sodium bicarbonate required to attain pH 7.4 for preventing the phlebitis and venous pain associated with PGE1 infusion.
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植沢 芳広, 毛利 公則原稿種別: Regular Article
2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 117-122
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known fact that the strengths of drug interactions with grapefruit juice (GFJ) differ greatly depending on the 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist (DHP) used. However, there are no available data on the relationship between interactions with GFJ and its physicochemical attributes. Therefore we endeavored to study the correlation between calculated logP values, indicating lipophilicity, from chemical structures of DHPs as well as water diffusion, molecular volume, molecular polarization, molecular density, refractive index, topologic polar surface area, and calculated molar refractivity. Thirteen forms of DHP, amlodipine, azelnidipine, benidipine, cilnidipine, efonidipine, felodipine, manidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, and pranidipine were analyzed due to clinical trials performed with GFJ and these agents. The pharmacokinetic interaction strengths were defined in common logarithmic values of increasing ratios of area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) with GFJ intake compared with controls. Physicochemical properties including three categories of predicted logP values were calculated from the structures of DHPs and their estimated relationship with the interactions. As a result, the logP values indicated significant positive correlations with the interaction strengths. This finding suggests that lipophilicity is an important factor in the strengths of pharmacokinetic interactions of DHPs with GFJ intake.
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Wei-Ling WANG, Chyi-Hong LIN原稿種別: Regular Article
2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 123-127
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーTo lower the cost and enhance the quality of healthcare service, the Taiwan government launched National Health Insurance (NHI) in 1995 and the System of Separation of Medicine and Pharmacy in 1997. After the separation of dispensing and prescribing (SDP), pharmacists in NHI-contracted pharmacies have the right to fill prescriptions from a clinic. This means that pharmacists in NHI-contracted pharmacies have four more activities than previously. How to improve the additional activities remains an issue to be solved. Today, in most countries, patients deliver a written prescription to the pharmacy of their choice. The pharmacist validates the prescription and dispenses the drug. In this paper, we describe an automatic data collection system, the two-dimensional barcode prescription system (2DBPS) for pharmacists. The system allows patients to deliver a paper prescription with a 2D barcode issued by a clinic to the pharmacy of their choice. The pharmacist scans in the 2D barcode, validates the prescription, and dispenses the drug. Evaluation of the 2DBPS showed that most pharmacists use it to execute additional activities and it was more efficient than before. Moreover, the easy-to-use 2DBPS is accepted and appreciated by pharmacists. We can thus conclude that the aim of the 2DBPS is to reduce the workload of pharmacist in data processing. It will help pharmacists to expand their role beyond simple dispensing and data processing to providing pharmaceutical care services.
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前田 阿紀, 谷本 真一, 阿部 智, 風間 舜介, 谷澤 久之, 野村 正人2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 129-133
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーThe antioxidative activity of phenylpropanoid compound extracts from nutmeg (Myristica fragragrans Houttuyn) seed was determined. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging method, superoxide disumutase assay, ferric thiocyanate assay, and radical-scavenging effect assay with electron-spin resonance. High antioxidant activity was found in monoterpenoid extracts including terpinene-4-ol (3), α-terpineol (4), and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (12). Compound, 12 expressed particularly high antioxidant activity.
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長谷川 浩平, 清水 久実代, 森本 茂文, 八野 芳已, 長谷川 健次, 庄野 嘉治, 堀内 哲也, 田伏 克惇, 桝井 友梨奈, 山口 ...2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 135-140
発行日: 2007/10/12
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーWe propose an improved method to measure urinary D-glucaric acid (GA), which might be of value as an indirect index of the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP). This method was about 20 times more sensitive than existing methods. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 5.5-66 ng ml-1 for GA, with the effective molar absorptivity at 533 nm and the relative standard deviation being 9.1×105 dm3 mol-1 cm-1 and 0.69% (n=6), respectively. In addition, we introduced the correction value {GA/Cr ratio×10} of urinary GA by measuring urinary creatinine (Cr) at the same time. Based on the proposed method, the GA and Cr values in spot urines of healthy persons and cancer patients were subsequently measured and the correction values of both groups subjected to comparison. As a result, a statistically significant difference was recognized between the two groups.
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吉川 雅之, 王 涛, 杉本 幸子, 中村 誠宏, 長友 暁史, 松田 久司, 播磨 章一2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 141-151
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーAs a part of our characterization studies on the bioactive saponin constituents of tea flowers (Camellia sinensis, flower buds), the methanolic extract and 1-butanol-soluble portion (the saponin fraction) from the flower buds were found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats and on serum glucose elevation in sucrose-loaded rats. Among the constituents of the 1-butanol-soluble portion, floratheasaponins A, B, and C showed gastroprotective and hypoglycemic activities. Furthermore, we have developed qualitative and quantitative methods using HPLC for the principle saponins, floratheasaponins A-F, in tea flowers, which were previously found to show antiallergic and antiobesity effects. Using those methods, the saponin composition of Indian tea flowers were found to be similar to those of Chinese (Anhui) but not of Japanese tea flowers. On the other hand, it was found that the floratheasaponin contents in tea flowers varied markedly during the blooming period, and they were abundant at half-bloom. Additionally, the contents of caffeine in the tea flowers were examined using HPLC.
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ノート
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藤原 季美子, 椿 正寛, 山添 譲, 西浦 早織, 川口 建, 尾垣 光彦, 西之坊 実里, 島元 健次, 森山 健三, 西田 升三2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 153-158
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーStatins, which are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, the effects of statins in head and neck carcinoma have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which fluvastatin induces apoptosis in HSC-3 cells. An increase in caspase-3 activity was observed. The apoptosis induced by fluvastatin was inhibited by the addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) to the cell culture. When we examined the survival signals at the time of apoptotic induction, we also found that fluvastatin had caused a remarkable decrease in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Moreover, we also found that U0126, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in HSC-3 cells. These results suggested that fluvastatin induces apoptosis by inhibiting GGPP biosynthesis and consequently decreasing the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2. The results of this study also indicate that fluvastatin may be used as an anticancer agent for tongue carcinoma.
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高山 真理子, 藤澤 真奈美, 堀 寧, 小田 明, 勝山 新一郎, 広瀬 保夫, 山崎 佳苗, 若林 広行2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 159-163
発行日: 2007/10/12
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーIn acute poisoning caused by acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP), it is critical to predict the onset of delayed liver injury based on the prompt measurement of serum APAP level and to administer the antidote N-acetylcysteine (NAC) without delay as needed. However, all emergency medical facilities are not necessarily equipped with an expensive analytical instrument that allows prompt determination of APAP. Here, we tested the clinical usefulness of the Acetaminophen Detection Kit® (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.), which claims to rapidly detect APAP in serum using a simple procedure, by spectrophotometrically measuring the APAP concentration in 34 serum samples collected from 28 patients with acute APAP poisoning. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the APAP value measured by the Acetaminophen Detection Kit® and that determined by the HPLC method was, at 0.888, not very high, but that the decision on whether to administer NAC based on the measured APAP level was consistent between the two analytical methods in 23 out of 25 patients. Also, the value obtained by the Acetaminophen Detection Kit® was equal to, or larger than, that obtained by the HPLC method, suggesting that it is unlikely that patients requiring NAC would be left untreated. These results indicate that the Acetaminophen Detection Kit®, with its ease and simplicity of use, is clinically useful in emergency medical facilities for which an expensive analytical instrument is not affordable.
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畝井 浩子, 池田 博昭, 村上 照夫, 谷川 攻一, 木平 健治原稿種別: Note
2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 165-170
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーThis article reports detoxication treatments of a case of combined overdose of carbamazepine and lithium in a 38-year-old female with bipolar disorder. She was brought to the emergency unit after the family found her unresponsive and lying near empty packages for carbamazepine (corresponded to 7.7 g) and lithium carbonate (corresponded to 6.6 g) tablets. On admission, her blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were 80/55 mmHg, 90 per minute and 13 per minute, respectively. Her GCS was 3 (E1, M1, V1). She received gastric lavage after intratracheal intubation, followed by administration of activated charcoal via gastric tube, and a large volume (800 ml/h) of lactate Ringer's solution by intravenous infusion. The serum levels of carbamazepine and lithium approximately 5 h after ingestion were 56.0 μg/ml and 3.56 mEq/l, respectively. The carbamazepine overdose was mainly treated by a 3 h charcoal hemoperfusion (CHP). The CHP treatment decreased serum carbamazepine levels by approximately 30-40% as compared with the levels simulated by Bayesian analysis using 1-point or 2-points serum level(s) (without detoxication treatment). For lithium overdose continuous infusion of Ringer's solution was effective, which increased serum sodium gradually and facilitated the elimination of lithium. In conclusion, the treatments with CHP and continuous infusion of Ringer's solution were considered to be effective for detoxification of carbamazepine and lithium overdose, respectively, when compared with those drug levels without detoxication treatment that simulated by Bayesian analysis method.
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Mohamed Abdel Nabi EL-RIES, Gehad Genidy MOHAMED, Ali Kamal ATTIA原稿種別: Article
2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 171-177
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーThe electrochemical oxidation of repaglinide has been carried out in Britton-Robinson buffer at carbon paste and glassy carbon electrodes. Repaglinide exhibits a well-defined irreversible oxidation peak over the entire pH range (2-11). Differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine repaglinide in pure form. The peak current varied linearly in the following ranges: 8.0×10-7-3.2×10-6 M and 4.0×10-7-4.0×10-6 M in case of carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode, respectively. In case of carbon paste electrode the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.348×10-7 M and 4.494×10-7 M, respectively. For glassy carbon electrode the LOD and LOQ were 1.062×10-7 M and 3.54×10-7 M, respectively. The percentage recoveries were found in the following ranges: 99.09-100.07% and 99.0-100.50% for carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode, respectively. The relative standard deviations were found in the following ranges: 0.636-1.395% and 0.431-1.104% in case of carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode, respectively. Differential pulse voltammetry was successfully applied for the determination of repaglinide in tablets and human serum.
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丸山 卓郎, 鎌倉 浩之, 花尻(木倉) 瑠理, 合田 幸広2008 年 128 巻 1 号 p. 179-183
発行日: 2008/01/01
公開日: 2008/01/01
ジャーナル フリーUltra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was performed to investigate whether commercial Salvia cultivars available in the Japanese market contain salvinorin A (1), which is an hallucinogen present in magic mint (Salvia divinorum) prior to the regulation of S. divinorum by the Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. In addition, a previously reported method to authenticate S. divinorum, utilizing an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) was applied to the same samples to estimate the method's accuracy. As a result of the UPLC/MS analysis, it was clear that none of the tested cultivars possessed 1 while S. divinorum leaves and its processed products “concentrated salvia” contained 1 in the range from 0.19% to 0.58%. Furthermore, the ARMS method could clearly distinguish S. divinorum from the tested cultivars. In conclusion, the authentication method is considered to be useful for the practical regulation of S. divinorum due to its simplicity and accuracy.
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