巻号一覧
138 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の23件中1～23を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
誌上シンポジウム
-
緒方 文彦, 東 剛志2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 269-270
発行日: 2018年
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (173K) -
原田 和生2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 271-275
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーThe increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has caused intractable infections worldwide. Nearly 50% of the healthy population of Southeast Asia carries extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. The overuse of antimicrobial agents in the agriculture, aquaculture, and medical care sectors causes environmental pollution, facilitating the spread of AMR. However, there is a lack of data pertaining to antimicrobial residues in environmental water in such regions. We investigated a total of 49 chemicals, including β-lactams, sulfonamides, quinolones, and tetracyclines. Water samples were collected from rivers in city centers, and ponds in livestock and aquaculture farms, in Ha Noi, Thai Binh, and Can Tho in Vietnam. We detected antimicrobial agents at 87 of 111 sampling sites (78.4%). Among the target analytes, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, cephalexin, and ofloxacin were detected frequently. The residual levels of each antimicrobial agent ranged from 0.1 to 10000 ng/L. Moreover, we detected multi-drug resistant E. coli in fishes sampled from these rivers, suggesting unwanted effects of antimicrobial residues in the environment.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (355K) -
杉原 数美2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 277-280
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーIn recent years, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as significant pollutants of aquatic environments and have been detected at levels in the range of ng/L to μg/L. The source of PPCPs is humans and livestock that have been administered pharmaceuticals and subsequently excreted them via urine and feces. Unlike agricultural chemicals, the environmental dynamics of PPCPs is not examined and they would undergo structural transformation by environmental factors, e.g., sunlight, microorganisms and treatments in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Processing at STPs can remove various PPCPs; however, they are not removed completely and some persist in the effluents. In this study, we examined the degradation of 9 pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, amiodarone, dapsone, dexamethasone, indomethacin, raloxifene, phenytoin, naproxen, and sulindac) by sunlight or UV, and investigated the ecotoxicological variation of degradation products. Sunlight (UVA and UVB) degraded most pharmaceuticals, except acetaminophen and phenytoin. Similar results were obtained with UVB and UVA. All the pharmaceuticals were photodegraded by UVC, which is used for sterilization in STPs. Ecotoxicity assay using the luminescent bacteria test (ISO11348) indicated that UVC irradiation increased the toxicity of acetaminophen and phenytoin significantly. The photodegraded product of acetaminophen was identified as 1-(2-amino-5-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone and that of phenytoin as benzophenone, and the authentic compounds showed high toxicity. Photodegraded products of PPCPs are a concern in ecotoxicology.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
井原 賢, 張 晗, 花本 征也, 田中 宏明2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 281-287
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーPharmaceuticals are widely found in aquatic environments worldwide. Concern about their potential risks to aquatic species has been raised because they are designed to be biologically active. To address this concern, we must know whether biological activity of pharmaceuticals can be detected in waters. Nearly half of all marketed pharmaceuticals act by binding to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). In this study, we measured the physiological activity of GPCR-acting pharmaceuticals in effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and upstream and downstream of its outfall in Japan during 2 years. We used the in vitro transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) shedding assay, which accurately and sensitively detects GPCR activation, to investigate the antagonistic activities of water extracts against receptors for dopamine (D2) and histamine (H1). Activities detected in waters were quantified as antagonist equivalent quantities (EQs). In WWTP effluent extracts, antagonistic activity was detected at several hundred ng/L of sulpiride-EQ (D2) and several μg/L of diphenhydramine (DIP)-EQ (H1). In downstream river water extracts, antagonistic activity against H1 was around several hundred ng/L of DIP-EQ, higher than that upstream owing to the WWTP effluent. This review discusses the research needed to resolve the concern about potential risks of pharmaceuticals in waters to aquatic species.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (536K) -
東 剛志2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 289-296
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーPharmaceuticals are indispensable to contemporary life. Recently, the emerging problem of pharmaceutical-based pollution of river environments, including drinking water sources and lakes, has begun to receive significant attention worldwide. Because pharmaceuticals are designed to perform specific physiological functions in targeted regions of the human body, there is increasing concern regarding their toxic effects, even at low concentrations, on aquatic ecosystems and human health, via residues in drinking water. Pharmaceuticals are consistently employed in hospitals to treat disease; and Japan, one of the most advanced countries in medical treatment, ranks second worldwide in the quantity of pharmaceuticals employed. Therefore, the development of technologies that minimize or lessen the related environmental risks for clinical effluent is an important task as well as that for sewage treatment plants (STPs). However, there has been limited research on clinical effluent, and much remains to be elucidated. In light of this, we are investigating the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, and the development of water treatment systems for clinical effluent. This review discusses the current research on clinical effluent and the development of advanced water treatment systems targeted at hospital effluent, and explores strategies for future environmental risk assessment and risk management.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (851K) -
山本 美智子, 中山 健夫2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 297-298
発行日: 2018年
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (153K) -
山本 美智子2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 299-306
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーWhile expectations for the benefits of pharmaceuticals are high, the occurrence of health damage from adverse drug reactions remains a problem. One of the reasons for this seems to be insufficient risk communication among stakeholders. Healthcare professionals (HCPs), relevant agencies, and pharmaceutical companies have responsibilities to communicate useful information on the risks/benefits of the pharmaceuticals they provide in addition to basic policies and services. Four years have passed since the risk management plan system was introduced in Japan. Although relevant materials for patients and HCPs are offered, it is still difficult to determine whether they are being utilized effectively. The provision of drug information to patients is necessary to allow them to take medicine safely, while maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks associated with pharmacotherapy. By incorporating survey results on patients' level of understanding of drug risks/benefits, a system to provide information emphasizing the perspectives of patients has been promoted in Europe and North America. In the study of safety issues on a scientific basis, risk communication will become an increasingly important subject. This is a field to which pharmacologists and pharmacists can contribute during this symposium. This paper introduces research activities on risk communication that have been carried out in Japan as well as internationally.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (257K) -
近藤 恵美子, 鳥井 真由美, 大庭 泉, 岡本 麻依2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 307-314
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーThe issue of drug lag in Japan has been rapidly reduced in recent years, and newly approved drugs now become available on Japanese and international markets at the same time. In this context, the risk management plan (RMP) system was introduced in 2012. RMPs describe important safety concerns recognized by Japan's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) and marketing authorization holders (MAHs), as well as safety measures that MAHs request healthcare professionals (HCPs) to follow. The publication of RMPs is expected to support the sharing of drug risk management among HCPs during the postmarketing phase. In addition, to encourage risk communication between HCPs and patients, the PMDA website provides drug guides for patients and other information to promote proper understanding of drugs by patients and their families and enable them to identify serious adverse drug reactions at an early stage. However, the results of surveys conducted by the PMDA in FY2014 and FY2015 revealed low levels of awareness of RMPs and drug guides for patients in hospitals and other healthcare institutions. The surveys also showed that information regarding the proper use of drugs from MAHs and the PMDA was not incorporated into practice at healthcare institutions, resulting in the repeated release of identical safety alerts. To facilitate the increased utilization of risk communication tools, the PMDA has been providing and disseminating these tools through its website. This study addresses those efforts and the associated challenges.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (912K) -
竹本 信也2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 315-323
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーIn recent years, as the market has seen the appearance of innovative medical products with novel mechanisms of action, adverse reactions that cannot be expected from the approved product label are being detected in the postmarketing phase. It is increasingly important to undertake timely product label updates and other drug safety measures through the monitoring, early detection, and reporting of adverse reactions. In 2013, the risk management plan (RMP) system was introduced in Japan. An RMP documents efforts to ensure the safety of a medical product, and sharing the RMP with stakeholders results in enhanced postmarketing safety measures. Healthcare providers have already started to utilize RMPs, but issues with perception and utilization remain. The industry, regulators, and academia are also working together to facilitate the use of RMPs. With the implementation of the RMP requirement, pharmaceutical companies are seeking to improve safety assurance by enhancing their drug safety functions, including the collection, assessment, and dissemination of drug safety information. Chugai Pharmaceutical is starting a completely new approach to patient-focused information provision, exemplified by the “PMS & SAFETY DB Tools,” designed to give healthcare providers quick access to its extensive database of real-world drug safety information. This paper introduces Chugai Pharmaceutical's new efforts to manage adverse reactions and raises issues for future consideration.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1201K) -
折井 孝男2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 325-329
発行日: 2018年
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーIn the collaboration between community pharmacies and hospitals or clinics, the use of electronic medicine notebook may allow information sharing, including among out-of-network hospitals, clinics, and community pharmacies. For risk minimization, mobile or smart phones, which patients always carry with them, should be used as a tool allowing drug information to be accessed at any time. An advantage of the electronic conversion of patient drug information is that it allows patients not only to obtain round-the-clock information on drugs, etc. that they are receiving but also to check patient-oriented information selected and made easier to understand by pharmacists. In the collaboration between community pharmacies and hospitals or clinics, if, for example, patient discharge summaries are conveyed to community pharmacies via electronic medicine notebook, patients will feel reassured about the medical alliance and place more trust in pharmacists overall. This can improve patient drug awareness, thus contributing effectively to risk minimization. Drug information in electronic medicine notebook with 24-h access requires not only patients but also pharmacists to be proactive in its use. In addition, a system to facilitate the proactive use of that information needs to be established. For the electronic conversion of patient drug information and the establishment of a system promoting electronic medicine notebook use, the current status and issues need to be thoroughly examined from the viewpoint of risk communication.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (441K) -
中山 健夫2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 331-334
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーEvidence-based medicine (EBM) can be defined as “the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and a patient's unique values and circumstances”. However, even with the best research evidence, many uncertainties can make clinical decisions difficult. As the social requirement of respecting patient values and preferences has been increasingly recognized, shared decision making (SDM) and consensus development between patients and clinicians have attracted attention. SDM is a process by which patients and clinicians make decisions and arrive at a consensus through interactive conversations and communications. During the process of SDM, patients and clinicians share information with each other on the goals they hope to achieve and responsibilities in meeting those goals. From the clinician's standpoint, information regarding the benefits and risks of potential treatment options based on current evidence and professional experience is provided to patients. From the patient's standpoint, information on personal values, preferences, and social roles is provided to clinicians. SDM is a sort of “wisdom” in the context of making autonomous decisions in uncertain, difficult situations through interactions and cooperation between patients and clinicians. Joint development of EBM and SDM will help facilitate patient-clinician relationships and improve the quality of healthcare.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (222K) -
益見 厚子, 小澤 正吾2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 335-336
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (164K) -
大野 能之2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 337-345
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーDrug-drug interactions (DDIs) can affect the clearance of various drugs from the body; however, these effects are difficult to sufficiently evaluate in clinical studies. This article outlines our approach to improving methods for evaluating and providing drug information relative to the effects of DDIs. In a previous study, total exposure changes to many substrate drugs of CYP caused by the co-administration of inhibitor or inducer drugs were successfully predicted using in vivo data. There are two parameters for the prediction: the contribution ratio of the enzyme to oral clearance for substrates (CR), and either the inhibition ratio for inhibitors (IR) or the increase in clearance of substrates produced by induction (IC). To apply these predictions in daily pharmacotherapy, the clinical significance of any pharmacokinetic changes must be carefully evaluated. We constructed a pharmacokinetic interaction significance classification system (PISCS) in which the clinical significance of DDIs was considered in a systematic manner, according to pharmacokinetic changes. The PISCS suggests that many current ‘alert’ classifications are potentially inappropriate, especially for drug combinations in which pharmacokinetics have not yet been evaluated. It is expected that PISCS would contribute to constructing a reliable system to alert pharmacists, physicians and consumers of a broad range of pharmacokinetic DDIs in order to more safely manage daily clinical practices.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (744K) -
山下 富義2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 347-351
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーDrug-drug interactions mediated by drug metabolizing enzymes are serious, clinically relevant issues. Prediction and evaluation of the probability and consequences of drug-drug interactions are essential during drug development, as well as during clinical application. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, which considers the hierarchical structure of the physiological behavior of drugs, has been demonstrated to be effective for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of the phenomena of drug-drug interaction (DDI). While commercial software that implements PBPK models is now available, increasing attention has been given to developing similar models on open platforms for systems biology modeling and simulation. Open simulation model development environments, including CellDesigner and PhysioDesigner, have been developed and improved with the advent of research fields associated with systems biology or synthetic biology. Model developers implement their models using the platform, then publish the models in public databases. Through sharing and reuse among researchers, these models can become more generalized and sophisticated. This review article aims to discuss the attractive features and potential of these open platforms, and to evaluate the prediction effectiveness for enzyme induction-based drug-drug interactions via integrating the PBPK models of inducers and substrates and the dynamic models of enzyme induction kinetics.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (239K) -
富田 隆, 幸田 幸直, 工藤 賢三2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 353-356
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーFor patients with dysphagia in medical facilities and nursing homes, food thickeners are routinely used to aid the ingestion of medicines such as tablets. However, some types of thickeners affect the disintegration and dissolution of tablets, such as rapidly-disintegrating magnesium oxide tablets and donepezil hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets. Additionally, delayed disintegration and dissolution of tablets affect a drug's efficacy. As an example, with Voglibose orally disintegrating tablets, marked differences are observed in changes in glucose levels during glucose tolerance testing. When using food thickeners to aid tablet ingestion, it is therefore necessary to select a product that has little effect on drug disintegration, dissolution, and activity.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (289K) -
榊 利之, 安田 佳織, 西川 美宇, 生城 真一2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 357-363
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーSesamin, derived from sesame seeds, is known to have various biological effects. Since some of these effects appear to be derived from its metabolites, the elucidation of sesamin metabolism is essential to understanding the molecular mechanism of its effects. In addition, it is important to clarify drug-sesamin interactions in order to address safety concerns, as some food factors are known to affect drug metabolism. Our previous studies revealed that sesamin was sequentially metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase or sulfotransferase. Whereas sesamin metabolism is mainly mediated by CYP2C9 in human liver, sesamin causes a mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) of CYP2C9. However, we found that the metabolite-intermediate complex between CYP2C9 and sesamin was unstable, and the effects of sesamin appeared to be minimal. To confirm this assumption, in vivo studies using rats were conducted. After the administration of sesamin to rats for 3 d, diclofenac (an NSAID) was administered to measure the time course of plasma concentration of diclofenac. No significant differences were observed in the diclofenac Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-24 h between the group that was administered sesamin and the group that was not. Based on these results, it could be concluded that no significant interaction occurs in people who take sesamin supplements at a standard dose.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (453K) -
小澤 正吾2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 365-371
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーElderly patients often suffer from a variety of diseases and therefore may be prescribed several kinds of drugs. Interactions between these drugs may cause problems in some patients. Guidelines for drug interactions were released on July 8, 2014 “Drug Interaction Guideline for Drug Development and Labeling Recommendations (Final Draft)”. These guidelines include the theoretical basis for evaluating the mechanisms of drug interaction, the possible extent of drug interactions, and take into consideration special populations (e.g., infants, children, elderly patients, patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction, and subjects with minor deficient alleles for drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters). In this symposium article, I discuss this last special population: altered drug metabolism and drug interactions in subjects with minor alleles of genes encoding deficient drug metabolizing enzymes. I further discuss a drug label for eliglustat (Cerdelga) with instructions for patients with ultra-rapid, extensive, intermediate, and poor metabolizer phenotypes that arise from different CYP2D6 gene alleles.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (323K)
総説
-
三野 芳紀2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 373-387
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーThe X-ray crystallographic analysis of the single-crystal mugineic acid-Cu(II) complex showed that mugineic acid acts as a hexadentate ligand. Mugineic acid, a typical phytosiderophore, shows a marked stimulating effect on 59Fe-uptake and chlorophyll synthesis in rice plants. A salient feature is the higher reduction potential of the mugineic acid-Fe(III) complex than those of bacterial siderophores. X-ray diffraction study of the structurally analogous Co(III) complex of the mugineic acid-Fe(III) complex demonstrates that the azetidine nitrogen and secondary amine nitrogen, and both terminal carboxylate oxygens, coordinate as basal planar donors, and the hydroxyl oxygen and intermediate carboxylate oxygen bind as axial donors in a nearly octahedral configuration. The iron-transport mechanism in gramineous plants appears to involve the excretion of mugineic acid from the roots, which aids Fe(III)-solubilization and reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is a component of the lignin degradation system of the basidiomycetous fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. To elucidate the heme environment of this novel Mn(II)-dependent extracellular enzyme, we studied its ESR and resonance Raman spectroscopic properties. Consequently, it is most likely that the heme environment of MnP resembles that of cytochrome c peroxidase. In addition, degradation methods using basidiomycetous fungi or Fe3+-H2O2 mixed reagent were developed for dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. The complete amino acid sequences of respective [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins were determined and compared with those of other higher plants. Finally, the toxic effects of iron on human health and the development of novel antibacterial drugs capable of inhibiting the iron transport system of Vibrio vulnificus are described.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1999K) -
古林 伸二郎2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 389-403
発行日: 2018年
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーThe antihyperglycemic activities of extracts of boiogito (BOT) and bofutsushosan (BTS) were investigated in streptozotocin-induced (STZ)-diabetic mice. BOT extract containing Stephania tetrandra S. MOORE root (stephania), has more potent antihyperglycemic activity than BOT extract containing sinomenium stem (sinomenium). Extracts of stephania and astragalus root (astragalus) exert combined effects in the antihyperglycemic and insulinotropic activities of BOT extract. Fangchinoline, but not tetrandrine, in stephania plays a role in its activity. Formononetin in astragalus potentiates the actions of fangchinoline. Tetrandrine has antiangiogenic effects on choroidal vessels in STZ-diabetic rats, which are associated with the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. BTS extract has shown antihyperglycemic and insulinotropic activities whereas gardenia fruit (gardenia) extract in BTS has antihyperglycemic, but not insulinotropic, activity in the diabetic mice. Gardenia extract decreased the HOMA-IR level and increased insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake to skeletal muscle. The effects of gardenia extract on 2-DG uptake were associated with the upregulation of glucose transporter type 4 and Akt phosphorylation. Gardenia extract was also shown to have antihyperglycemic and insulinotropic actions in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and STZ-diabetic mice. In addition, gardenia extract decreased the production of TNF-α and leptin, and increased the production of adiponectin in the visceral adipose tissues. In the early administration period, BTS extract increased mRNA expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and UCP1 in brown adipose tissues in HFD-fed obese mice. With a longer duration of administration, BTS extract improved insulin resistance and subsequently reduced serum leptin and triglyceride levels in parallel with visceral adipose tissue volume and size.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1502K) -
谷本 剛2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 405-415
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーAldose reductase (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of complications in diabetes. In this study, the enzymatic properties of AR isolated from various sources and a recombinant human AR (rh-AR) were analyzed in detail. The sensitivity of different forms of AR to several AR inhibitors (ARIs) was compared. Our findings enabled us to propose that human AR should be used as the target enzyme in the development of ARIs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human AR which employed monoclonal antibodies against rh-AR was created, and this method was used to demonstrate the distribution of AR in human tissues. AR was widely distributed in various organs and blood cell components. The levels of erythrocyte AR (e-AR) were 10.1±1.9 ng/mg Hb and 10.5±3.0 ng/mg Hb in healthy volunteers and diabetic patients, respectively, and thus there was no significant difference between them. The e-AR levels of diabetic patients were assayed using the ELISA developed to investigate the potential correlation between AR levels and the onset of diabetic complications. There were significant correlations between the incidence of diabetic neuropathy and e-AR levels in patients with disease duration of less than 10 years, and between the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and e-AR levels in patients with disease duration of 10-20 years. Our results suggest that measurement of e-AR levels in patients could help optimize drug therapy with ARIs and be a useful method to predict the onset of complications due to the upregulation of the polyol pathway.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1015K)
一般論文
-
蛯谷 松枝, 蛯谷 俊昭2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 417-424
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2017/12/27ジャーナル フリーDiphenhydramine (DP), an antihistaminic agent, may become colored and daker or more fluorescent during storage. Herein, we spectroscopically examined the causes of this phenomenon under various DP storage conditions and durations. The infrared vibration-rotation spectrum shows multiple Gauche (G)-type conformers with different intramolecular n→π* interaction strengths. The splitting pattern of the dimethylamino group protons in the 1H-NMR spectrum indicates that DP is mainly in the G-type with a small portion in the Trans (T)-type. The correlation between the red-shifted peak intensity in the UV•VIS absorbance spectrum and the coloring progression indicates a decreased intramolecular n→π* interaction of the G-type under elevated temperature during storage. Enhanced fluorescence detected in the Excitation•Fluorescence spectrum demonstrates G-type (quenching) to T-type (fluorescent) conformation conversion, which is due to activated internal rotation of the dimethylamino group under elevated storage temperature and electronic excitation in the phenyl groups under light irradiation during storage. A signal detected in the ESR spectrum corresponds to the G-type charge transfer (CT) structure wherein part of the nonbonding electron pair on the N atom is intramolecularly redistributed to the phenyl groups. The CT structure presents the G-type quenching characteristics, whereas weak CT bonding corresponds to coloring. The results indicate that the quenching G-type is converted to T-type by heat or light to become color faded and bright with enhanced fluorescence and that T-type is reverted to G-type after storage under cool and dark conditions or by vacuum distillation to lose fluorescence.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (562K) -
石橋 正祥, 石井 正和, 長野 未来, 木内 祐二, 巖本 三壽2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 425-435
発行日: 2018年
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリー
電子付録Previous reports suggested that sharing outpatient information during chemotherapy is very important for managing pharmaceutical usage between community pharmacies and hospitals. We herein examined using a questionnaire survey whether pharmaceutical management for outpatient chemotherapy is desired by community and hospital pharmacists. The response rates were 44.3% (133/300) for pharmacists in community pharmacies and 53.7% (161/300) for pharmacists in hospitals. Prescriptions for outpatients during chemotherapy were issued at 88.2% of the hospitals. Currently, 28.9% of hospital pharmacists rarely provide pharmaceutical care, such as patient guidance and adverse effect monitoring, for outpatients receiving oral chemotherapy. Furthermore, whereas 93.7% of hospital pharmacists conducted prescription audits based on the chemotherapy regimen, audits were only performed by 14.8% of community pharmacists. Thus, outpatients, particularly those on oral regimens, were unable to receive safe pharmaceutical care during chemotherapy. Community pharmacists suggested that hospital pharmacists should use “medication notebooks” and disclose prescription information when providing clinical information to community pharmacists. They also suggested sending clinical information to hospital pharmacists by fax. On the other hand, hospital pharmacists suggested the use of “medication notebooks” and electronic medical records when providing clinical information to community pharmacists. In addition, they suggested for community pharmacists to use electronic medical records when providing clinical information to hospital pharmacists. As there may be differences in opinion between community and hospital pharmacists, mutual preliminary communication is important for successful outpatient chemotherapy.
抄録全体を表示Editor's pickPrevious reports suggested that sharing outpatient information during chemotherapy is very important for managing pharmaceutical usage between community pharmacies and hospitals. We herein examined using a questionnaire survey whether pharmaceutical management for outpatient chemotherapy is desired by community and hospital pharmacists. In conclusion, as there may be differences in opinion between community and hospital pharmacists, mutual preliminary communication is important for successful outpatient chemotherapy.
PDF形式でダウンロード (273K)
ノート
-
森元 能仁, 武井 秀史, 橘 啓盛, 中里 陽子, 田中 良太, 長島 鎮, 渡部 一宏, 関 礼輔, 篠原 高雄, 近藤 晴彦2018 年 138 巻 3 号 p. 437-442
発行日: 2018/03/01
公開日: 2018/03/01
ジャーナル フリーAdjuvant cisplatin-vinorelbine chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in several Phase III trials, but not yet in the Japanese population. Pharmacists are expected to assist patients with completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the compliance with and safety of adjuvant cisplatin-vinorelbine chemotherapy in Japanese patients and to evaluate the contribution of pharmacists to completion of treatment. Thirty-four patients with NSCLC who received adjuvant cisplatin-vinorelbine chemotherapy at Kyorin University Hospital between January 2006 and June 2015 were reviewed. The treatment schedule comprised cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. Four 3-week cycles were planned. A pharmacist provided guidance to all patients and monitored them for adverse effects thereafter. The pharmacist intervened with advice to doctors as necessary. The 4 cycles were administered in 67.6% of cases. There were no treatment-related deaths. The main grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia (76.5%) and anorexia (38.2%). The most common reason for discontinuation and dose reduction was anorexia. There were 56 instances of pharmacist intervention. In total, 96.4% of the pharmacist interventions were implemented by doctors, which included administration of an antiemetic on 15 occasions and hot fomentation for prevention of vasculitis on 7 occasions. Adjuvant cisplatin-vinorelbine chemotherapy was tolerated by most patients but was discontinued because of adverse events in some. Pharmacist intervention aids completion of planned chemotherapy and management of treatment-related adverse events.
抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (174K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|