The effect of ammonium chloride on urinary excretion of chloroquine (CQ) was examined in the rabbit. Volume, pH and CQ content of the urine were measured every day for 2 weeks. The animals were divided into two groups. One group of animals were given CQ diphosphate, 30 mg/kg/day (s.c.), during the 2 weeks, and one-half of these animals were given NH
4Cl (ca. 0.5 g/kg/day, oral) during the second week, when they excreted 2-4 times the amount of CQ excreted by the animals not given NH
4Cl throughout. The other group of animals were given CQ during the first week only, and one-half of these animals were given NH
4Cl during the second week. During the CQ treatment, the daily urine volume was much more variable and 2-3 times less than that excreted after cessation of CQ treatment. NH
4Cl affected neither the urine volume nor the amount of CQ excreted. pH of the urine excreted during NH
4Cl treatment (6.29-6.91) was lower than that excreted during the control period (7.25-8.57). These results indicate that NH
4Cl facilitates urinary excretion of CQ only when given simultaneously with CQ, and may suggest a possibility that CQ caused a kidney dysfunction.
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