It was about ten years ago that Kasuya has pointed out that there are at least two kinds of factors in the active priciples of tuberculin different as well in its biological significance as its chemical properties. The one is protein derivative in nature as the majority of investigators as Seibert, Kallós and, Hoffmann Gough, and Maschmann and Küster, has reported ; while the other is polysaccharide in nature having a definite skin reaction to individuals who has just recovered from Primary infection or suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis at present time.
This finding seemed to have no particular attention paid in this country except it was supported by Prof. Toda, and his collaborator in the early period. Meanwhile recently, in view of the importance of the study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis, it seemd to authors necessary, to repeat this investigation once more to ascertain, whether at first the biological activity of polysaccharide measured by skin test is essentially exist or not, and secondary, what is the significance of its positive reaction if it truly exist. Fortunately, last year we could have an opportunity to make a survey about the 1000 school children, the result of which appeared to favor the previous opinion of Kasuya mentioned above. Recently we were chanced to read the articles of Dr. F. B. Seibert, where it was mentioned on the presence of at least two kinds of tuberculin protein different in biological and physico-chemical significances. The correlation of this evidence-to our finding will be discussed later.

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In 1949, we, working with Sauton's Synthetic-Medium Old Tuberculin (or SOT) of human stain H₂ as the source, were able to establish a simple procedure for preparing o-aminophenol azo-tuberculin derivative quite equivalent in skin-reacting potency to the PPD of Seibert (1, 2, 5) . Following this, it was also demonstrated in our Institute that all of the o-aminophenol azo-tuberculin samples derived from different SOT-lots of H₂ strain were equally effective in eliciting skin reaction on the one hand (3, 4, 7), and that para-aminophenol azo-tuberculin prepared under similar conditions also possessed of a strong skin-reacting potency comparable to that of the ortho-aminophenol azo tuberculin derivative on the other (6) .
Recently, Yanagisawa and Asami have carried out skin-test experiments on humann being with o-aminophenol azo-tuberculin derivative isolated under conditions similar to those we have used. In agreement with our observations, Yanagisawa and co-workers. found that 0.1γ of o-aminophenol azo-tuberculin derivative (human strain “Aoyama B”) was found to be equivalent to 0.05 “mg” (1/2, 000, 0.1 cc) of Old Tuberculin (8) .
It was, anyways, of interest to determine whether the skin-reacting potency of o-aminophenol azo-tuberculin derivative varied with different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or not. The present communication records the results of such experiments.

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A remarkable progress has been made in the treatment of the rickettsial diseases since 1945. For example para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was found to be of therapeutic value in 1945. The more powerful antibiotics, Chloromycetin, Aureomycin and terramycin were found one after another against rickettsia. Now rickettsial disease no more belongs to a terrible disease if treated properly with those antibiotics. In 1948 we had an opportunity to treat the scrub typhus cases in Niigata and good results had been obtained. In the next year compared to the results with PABA the oral administ-ration of Chloromycetin were observed in the scrub typhus cases.

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