Freshly isolated strains ofH. pertussisshow meagre growth on Bordet Gengou medium, but a series of subcultures after isolation on the medium con-taining decreasing amounts of blood results in an ability to grow on blood-free medium, eventually demonstrating that the organisms become to thrive on ordinary agar medium. Imamura (1952), Asano (1953) and Fukumiet al. (1953) reported that H. pertussis of phase I required glutamic acid as the most important nitrogenous requirement, cysteine as a sulfur-containing compound and nicotinic acid as the growth factor. According to their findings, this organism seems to be not so much exacting in its nutritional requirements as expected from its meagre growth on such an enriched medium as Bordet Gengou medium. Proom (1955), however, stated that this organism could grow in a simple amino acids mixture only for one or two subcultures and did not survive in further serial subcultures in such media. As it is unreasonable, however, to think that the faint growth of H. pertussis on Bordet Gengou medium enriched with 1% peptone is due to shortage of nutrients, the authors tried to investigate this problem from another point, apart from the investigations on nutritional requirements.
Since 1939, Clifton and his colleagues (Clifton, 1946; Clifton, 1947; Siegel et al., 1950) and Wiameet al., (1951) reported the results on oxidative assimilation of microorganisms and demonstrated that there were definite stoichiometric relationships between dissimilation and assimilation concerning to a given substrate utilized by microorganisms. It was also reported by Cliftonet al., that Candida albicans and S. cerevisiae have a higher energy efficiency in utilization of substrate than E. coli and P. calco-acetica. These studies using non-exacting organisms suggested to the authors that the last crop in their growth might depend upon the stoichiometric balances between dissimilation and assimilation for substrates in the medium in which the organisms were cultured, as well as upon their growth factors.
As it is known that H. pertussis in the course of phase variation shows remarkable differences in the last crops of growth among the freshly isolated strains and the older stock strains, an investigation was undertaken to see the relation between the stoichiometric relationships or the energy efficiencies and the phase variation of H. pertussis.

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Since the adenovirus (Bell, Dingle, Francis, Hilleman, Huebner and Payne, 1956) had been independently discovered by three groups of workers (Rowe, Huebner, Gilmore, Parrott and Ward, 1953; Hilleman and Werner, 1954; Neva and Enders, 1954), a variety of disease states were found to be associated with this new group of viruses, namely acute respiratory diseases (ARD) (Hilleman and Werner, 1954; Hilleman, Werner, Dascomb and Butler, 1955; Hilleman, Werner, Adair and Dreisbach, 1955; Berge, England, Mauris, Shuey and Len-nette, 1955), primary atypical pneumonia (Hilleman and Werner, 1954; Hille-man, Werner, Adair and Dreisbach, 1955) pharyngoconjunctival fever (Bell, Rowe, Engler, Parrott and Huebner, 1955; Parrott, Rowe, Huebner, Bernton and McCullough, 1954), an exanthematous fever (Neva and Enders, 1954), and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (Jawetz, Kimura, Hannd, Coleman, Thygeson and Nicholas 1955) .
We have been looking for infections of adenovirus since 1955 by using HeLa cells and encountered four cases of pharyngoconjunctival fever confirmed to be due to adenovirus among those who visited the pediatric clinic of Ka.nta Communication Hospital for examination. The present paper is dedicated to describe these cases together with the types of adenovirus isolated from them and, in addition, a preliminary serological survey for adenovirus.

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It is now very clear that the adenovirus is a causative agent of pharyngo-conjunctival fever, but a couple of papers have reported a suggestion that the adenovirus might cause a kind of exanthematous infection. Neva and Enders (1954) isolated a cytopathogenic agent from an infant suffering from a roseola infantum-like disease, which was later classified as a member of adenovirus (Bell, Dingle, Francis, Hilleman, Huebner and Payne, 1956) . They isolated, however, this virus not from throat swab, infected tissues, or body fluid, but from faeces, and consequently presumed it not to be certain whether the virus isolated really caused the exanthem of the patient or it was there infecting the patient and as the result provoked antibody rise though her exanthem was produced by another virus that infected her simultaneously. On the other hand, Sohier (1956) in France described a patient showing “erythème morbilliforme” who was diagnosed as adenovirus infection by complement fixation reaction. Thus, a question is to be given rise about the relationship between the adenovirus and a kind of exanthematous disease.
Recently we encountered a patient of pharyngoconjunctival fever with measles-like exanthem from whom adenovirus was isolated as a causative agent. The present paper is dedicated to describe this patient and furthermore to discuss some considerations about the role of adenovirus in the exanthematous disease.

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Inability of antisera of certain animal species to sensitize individuals of other species passively has been reported by numerous investigators (Follensbyet al., 1944; Kabatet al., 1944) . For example, rabbit diphtheria antitoxin as well as guinea pig antitoxin passively sensitize guinea pigs, whereas horse antitoxin fails to induce passive sensitization (Neillet al., 1922) . But the reason of such species difference in the sensitizing power of various antisera is obscure. In the previous study, using diphtheria antitoxin, it was proved that the degree of sensitization is determined by the concentration of tissue antitoxin (Ishizaka et al., 1956) . Therefore, if the tissue antibody concentration should have concern with the species difference of the antiserum used for sensitization, the degree of sensitization would depend on the antiserum used. Thus, in the present report, it was examined whether or not the concentration of tissue antitoxin, which is reactive to the antigen added, is different depending on the species of antitoxin. Moreover, by the application of the experimental procedure described in the previous report, the influence of non-sensitizing antibody in the tissues on the degree of sensitization was studied.

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According to the author's previous paper (1952), saline suspensions of typhoid bacilli V form were subjected to heating at 120°C for varying periods of 10, 20, 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5 hours. After centrifugation, the sediments were resuspended in saline solution to run agglutination tests. Starting from the suspension heated for 20 minutes, the reaction became stronger as the periods of heating prolonged, showing the highest Vi agglutination reaction when saline suspensions of typhoid bacilli V form were heated for a period of 3 to 5 hours.
Regarding O agglutination, practically equal titers were observed with the bacterial suspensions heated at 120°C for a period from 10 minutes to 1 hour, thereafter showing a decrease as the heating period prolonged for 2-3 and 5 hours. Then, when heated at 120°C the bacterial cells of different species (para-typhoid bacilli A, B, C, pullorum bacilli, dysentery bacilli, coli bacilli etc.) suspended in the supernatant fluid of the heated physiological saline suspension of typhoid bacilli V form react as Vi and O agglutinogens in the same manner as those of the cells of typhoid bacilli, and the above reaction takes place even when the supernatant fluid is diluted to a certain degree. Accordingly, the “field of reaction” of Vi agglutination, O agglutination, Vi precipitation and O precipitation were carefully studied in order to know what amount of Vi and O antigen in the supernatant fluid were destroyed or combined with the bacterial cells of different species by heating at 120°C.

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In the report III (1954) of this series, I reported the experimental results of some investigations carried out during the summer season from July to August 1952-1953. Through these former investigations, I came to understand many points of the migration towards vegetables of the hookworm larvae. However it was unexpected that most of them were easily destroyed by the sun's rays after migration onto vegetables. Such frailness of the hookworm larvae, which climbed up the vegetables under the sunlight, may be a matter of course in their nature that the infective larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale perished at all within 24 hours at 40°C (Fujita and Mihara, 1951) .
During the summer season, therefore, the hookworm larvae should be destroyed by the sunlight that was more intense than in any other season and the effect of the ultraviolet rays may be harmful to them. Even Ascaris ova, which have a strong resisting potentiality against various influences in the natural world, are comparatively shortlived under the scorching sunbeams.
Now I have thought “what will happen to inf ective larvae after migration onto vegetables under a mild climate of a year” or “would nothing be killed during the spring season ?” and then I determined to pursue this question in spring from April to May 1955.

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Compost manure which is ordinarily found in rural areas of Japan is usually made of various vegetative residues and human nightsoil which is often added as a source of nitrogen. It is necessary to ascertain, therefore, whether the parasite ova and larvae are found living or not in the compost manure, because if they are found living, they must be able to infest human beings which will bring them in contact with such Maces of danger.
It has already been reported by several investigators (Nagano, 1950; Anzai et al., 1951; Sawada et al.., 1951; Kodama et al.., 1951) that the ascaris ova were killed in the course of fermentation which took place in the compost manure. Since those findings, they recommended so-called“compost treatment”as a useful method of the human nightsoil treatment, and we have also come to favour its application on the treatment of the stools separated with a new type of pit privy (Kodama et al., 1951; 1955) .
On the other hand, Mizushima and Yamashita (1952) have noted that the ascaris carriers in a village of Miyazaki Pref., where“compost treatment”of the nightsoil was usual in practice, were very few in number, but on the contrary, there were more hookworm carriers than that of the ascaris. They considered, therefore, that the inf ective hookworm larvae would migrate towards the perphery of the compost heap creeping out of its central area fermenting very actively, and this condition might be quite favourable for them to infest human beings. It has subsequently been proved by an experimental work carried out, by Miyasato and Yamashita (1952) that the hookworm ova would be able to develop into the inf ective stage in the compost manure.
As mentioned above, there are many questions to investigate the migratory behaviour of both hookworm ova and larvae living in the compost manure. To solve those questions, I studied the migration of the inf ective hookworm larvae when their living surroundings were gradually warmed up just like the compost, because it may be sure that the migratory behaviour of the hookworm larvae living in the compost would be controlled by the fermenting temperature which is kept in the course of its fermentation.

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In rural areas of Japan, some vegetables such as tomato, cucumber and watermelon etc. are usually cultivated during their early days in seed-bed which is set up under or on the ground during the winter, so-called frostfall season, Nov.-May. As f ermentative substances in the seed-bed, rice straws and leaves etc. are usually used, and to them human nightsoil is also added as a source of nitrogen. It is said ordinarily that mixed proportion of nightsoil and fermentative substances is almost 100 1: 200 kg.
I think now that the hookworm larvae may develop in the feces which is mixed with those fermentative substances and that larvae migrate to the surface soil of seed-bed whenever the hookworm eggs are contained in the nightsoil. The seed-bed usually ferments about 35°-40°C after 4-5 days or a week. That place, therefore, becomes favourable on the development of both hookworm eggs and larvae. If the hookworm eggs incubated in the seed-bed, the larvae would gradually develop and migrate towards the surface soil and then climb onto young vegetables. Young vegetables and surface soil, moreover, would be both brought in contact with human beings taking the management of the seed-bed. I think that is the very chance to infest human beings. As a result of this work it was found that this possibility of hookworm infestation in the seed-bed is true. I believe that a number of factors in the etiology of hookworm infestation would be given through this work.

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In a successive series of papers published from our laboratory by Kasuya et al. (1956) and Hirai (1956), extensive studies on the chemical properties of the proteins obtained both from the culture filtrate and from the bacterial cells of the human tubercle bacilli have been reported.
The technique of the investigation used throughout these works has been the same in principle; namely, that every protein should be separated into its single peptides, and their identification and classification should in turn define the chemical characteristics of the original protein as a starting material.
With respect to the methodology, it can be said that such an approach is considered to play an important role also in exploring chemical knowledge on the protein of the different species of Mycobacteria. Thus, in major part, this paper deals with an application of the same methods to the study of the constituting peptide of Myco. avium. However, as a minor difference, it is to be mentioned that only the protein extracted from dried and defatted bacterial cells by dilute sulfuric acid was used as a starting material because the yield of protein from the culture filtrate was, generally, very small. Also, as to the technique of the determination of the N-terminal residue, not only the DNP-technique but also the PTC- (phenylthiocarbamyl) method were utilized when necessary.

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