Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology
Online ISSN : 1884-2828
Print ISSN : 0021-5112
ISSN-L : 0021-5112
Volume 15, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • HIDEO FUKUMI, FUMIO NISHIKAWA, TADAO SONOGUCHI, TOSHIO SHIMIZU
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 145-151
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In a previous publication (Fukumiet al., 1961), it was reported from sero-epidemiological findings that recruits' camps in Self Defense Forces might be playing an important role as infectious foci of Coe virus infection in Japan. But, in civilian populations also, Coe virus antibody is found in a comparable proportion and this proportion seems to become higher as the age increases. Pereira and Pereira (1959) reported the results of age-specific antibody positive rate of Coe Virus in some population in England, though the object of their serological survey was not difinitely described; the rate was clearly domonstrated therein to rise with age and be saturated at about fifty years of age. In the present publication, prevalence of Coe virus infection in the civilian and the Self Defense Forces lives will be described and discussed.
    Download PDF (614K)
  • HIDEO FUKUMI, HIROMICHI MIZUTANI, YASUE TAKEUCHI, YOSHIO TAJIMA, KIYOS ...
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 153-163
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A hemagglutinating virus was reported to be frequently isolated from laboratory mice by us in Japan (Fukumi et al, 1954) . This virus was later proposed to be called HVM (hemagglutinating virus of mice) by us, but as several independent names were adopted by several groups of investigators and more confusion was apt to occur, a committee was established by the Society of Japanese Virologists to control such confusion. This committee finally agreed to propose the name HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) for the virus in question. This virus is however, widely called Sendai virus in countries outside of Japan since Jensenet al.'s publication (Jensenet al., 1956), where they proposed to call it as influenza virus D. Now it seems fairly well accepted that the virus belongs toMyxovirus parainfluenzaetype 1, though there is still some reservation (Fukumi and Nishikawa, 1961) .
    As this virus has been considerably widely distributed among laboratory mice, it has often caused disturbances in experiments in which intranasal inoculations of laboratory mice are employed, especially experiments dealing with mouse passages of influenza and some other viruses. This situation prompted us to conduct experiments concerned with epidemiology and some other features of Sendai virus infections in laboratory mice.
    Download PDF (903K)
  • YORIYUKI AKAO, REIKO SANO, AKIRA SUGIURA, HIROTO SHIMOJO
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 165-173
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    During studies on myxovirus infections in pigs, it was frequently difficult to carry out the complement fixation test, because many swine sera showed marked procomple-mentary (proC') activity which caused hemolysis in lower serum dilutions even in the presence of sufficient amount of complement fixing antibody. Therefore, the titration of antibody with serial dilutions of serum could not be successfully applied in lower serum dilutions. Complicated and less reliable methods, such as the indirect complement fixation test (Omori, 1953, Nobutoet al., 1960) or the measurements of complement (C') fixed by the antigen antibody complex (Sasaharaet al., 1954), had so far been employed in the study of swine antiserum.
    The present study shows that the proC' activity was associated with the high content of the third component (C'3) of C' in the swine serum and that this activity could be effectively eliminated by periodate treatment.
    Download PDF (783K)
  • HIDEO KUSAMA, MAKOTO OHASHI, SADAO KOBAYASHI, HIDEO FUKUMI, TADASHI HA ...
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 175-187
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Understanding of streptococcal infections in man has been hindered by the existence of a wide variety of clinical manifestations, which stem from the complicated nature of the infectious agent, the difference in the reactivity of man according to age or in the past experience of infections, the characteristic infectious process, etc. Sero-epidemiological study will yield worthwhile informations which have not been disclosed by usual bacteriological or clinical investigations. This way of approach is usually accompanied with characteristics and limitations depending upon the sort of antibody to be chosen.
    Among various antibodies produced during human streptococcal infections, antistreptolysin O (ASL) has been known to be specific and to develop in the majority of cases in a relatively early phase of infection. ASL is, therefore, one of the most suitable indicators for the streptococcal infection, although it is not indicative of the immune status of man (McCarty, 1954; Noguchiet al., 1962; Kusamaet al., 1962a) . One of the authors (Kusama, 1958) described a method for titrating ASL in human sera which is accurate and wellsuited for serial analyses, and motivated the initiation of the present study, which deals with close examinations of the pattern of the antibody distribution in different age groups. The extent of streptococcal prevalence was thus inferred from the percentage of those who had developed the antibody in a given population, and the difference in the capacity of antibody production by age was investigated.
    Download PDF (1082K)
  • MASATERU NOGUCHI, YUJIRO WAKAMATSU, RYUZO CHISUWA, HIDEO KUSAMA, MAKOT ...
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 189-197
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A study of streptococcal infections in primary school children had been conducted during a period of October, 1656 to September, 1958, under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The main purpose of this survey was to disclose the dynamics of streptococcal prevalence in school populations and to evaluate the relative importance of various factors which influence the host-parasite equilibrium.
    During the study period, serum samples were obtained from some of the children studied, and were examined for the antistreptolysin O (ASL) content. Investigations were made as to whether the possession of ASL is related to the immunity to subsequent streptococcal reinfections, and a rise in ASL titer was used as a criterion for answering the question of whether streptococci harbored in the throat of children are inducing the reaction of the host or they are to be considered as simple saprophytic inhabitants.
    The present report first describes a general outline of the epidemiological findings as the background of serological investigations, and then some immunological findings related to ASL are presented in order to contribute to the understanding of streptococcal infections in a group of children.
    Download PDF (875K)
  • HIDEO KUSAMA, MAKOTO OHASHI, SADAO KOBAYASHI, HIDEO FUKUMI, TADASHI HA ...
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 199-209
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The study of antibodies in man following streptococcal infections has indicated the presence of some antibodies which play a certain role of immunological importance in the infection process. The type-specific antibody to the M antigen of Group A streptococci has been generally considered to be responsible for the antibacterial immunity, and the antibody to the erythrogenic toxin has been assumed to be capable of preventing the occurrence of scarlet fever. However, the immunological significance of antibodies to various extracellular products, such as antistreptolysin O (ASL), antistreptokinase, antihyaluronidase, etc., in human infections has not been well defined, although numerous previous studies have contributed a great deal to the knowledge of the antibody response.
    In the first report of the present series of investigations (Kusama et al., 1962), the fundamental aspects of the distribution of ASL titers in various age groups weree presented, and it was shown that the experience of streptococcal infections in the past has divided a population into the positive and negative groups with respect to the ASL response. With these informations in mind, investigations were undertaken to disclose such mechanics of ASL response in scarlet fever patients as the relationship of the amplitude of the response to the initial titer and to the serologic types of infecting organisms. Furthermore, a special attention was paid to the difference in the magnitude of the antibody response following a newly established infection between those who belonged to the positive and negative groups at the time of infection.
    Download PDF (917K)
  • HIDEO KUSAMA, MAKOTO OHASHI, SADAO KOBAYASHI, HIDEO FUKUMI, TADASHI HA ...
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 211-219
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    ASL once developed in man after a streptococcal infection tends to decline gradually with the lapse of time. However, he may be infected again when exposed to another type of Group A streptococcus different from the type of the previous infection, since various antibodies to extra- and intracellular components of streptococci, except the type-specific antibody, are not responsible for the antibacterial immunity. Although the reinfection with the same type of Group A streptococcus has been generally con-sidered to be very unusual (Wannamaker, 1954; Lancefield, 1959), there are many types in Group A streptococci and prevalent types in a community have been shown to change from time to time (Schwentker et al., 1943; Coburn, 1949; Wannamaker, 1954; Fukumi and Kusama, 1958; Noguchi et al., 1962) . Thus, one may undergo repeated infections many times during his life, eventually resulting in wax and wane of the ASL amplitude.
    In the preceding report (Kusama et al., 1962a), the mechanisms of the ASL response were investigated in scarlet fever patients from the onset of the disease to the stage of the maximum response. In the present studies, patients were examined at appropriate intervals after released from the hospital until one year after the onset of the disease. Some of them were shown to be reinf ected, and efforts were made to envisage the dynamics of fluctuation of ASL titers and how ASL is being maintained in a population.
    Download PDF (828K)
  • TOSHIHIKO IIJIMA, SABURO SUGIURA
    1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 221-225
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Oncomelania nosophora, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in Japan, is an amphibious snail with a strong resistance to its environmental conditions. While the snail is known to show a strong resistance against dryness, it is also reported to have a characteristic adapting to a wide-range of temperatures (Komiya et al., 1956) ; Saito (1951), Kawamoto (1954) and Nakao (1958), following their studies on its adaptation range of temperatures, unanimously stated that the limiting temperatnre to allow the snail active was in the range between 10°C and 28°C. However, full information is still lacking about the temperature as a limiting factor for the survival of Oncomelania nosophora. The present paper describes the results of the experiments concerned.
    Download PDF (386K)
  • 1962 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 227-234
    Published: 1962
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (841K)
feedback
Top