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Volume 31 (1978)
- Issue 5-6 Pages 371-
- Issue 4 Pages 317-
- Issue 3 Pages 225-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 31, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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SHUICHI MIYAZAKI, GENJI SAKAGUCHI1978 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 1-15
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHighly purified preparations ofClostridium botulinumtoxins were administered to chickens by various routes. Chickens were highly susceptible to type A toxin, but relatively resistant to toxins of other types. Type C toxin (12S) at a dose of 1×107mouse ip LD50 failed to kill the chicken by the oral route. Oral administration of 10 or more of type A, C, or D spores killed normal chickens, whereas cecoligated chickens were insusceptible to oral administration of 106spores. These results show that the site of production and absorption of botulinum toxin in chickens is the cecum.
Peroral administration of spores of a type C strain cured of its prophages and producing the C2 factor only also killed normal chickens. Chickens appeared to be more susceptible to the C2 factor than to the C1 toxin. The C2 factor, therefore, may play more important role in chicken deaths from toxico-infection with type C organisms.
The optimum temperature for growth ofC. botulinumtypes C and D was found to be 40-42 C. Type C and D toxins were significantly more stable than type A toxin in the cecum contents with pH above 7. These characteristics and the high density of distribution of type C spores in the environment may explain prevailing cases of type C botulism among broiler chickens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1363K) -
MASAYOSHI KOHASE, JAN VILCEK1978 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 17-26
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInterferon production stimulated with Polyinosinate-Polycytidyl-ate [Poly (I) . Poly (C) ] in cultures of human FS-4 cells was enhanced (‘superinduced’) by the irradiation of cells with UV at the time of induction. UV showed no additional enhancing action on interferon production in cultures already superinduced by the sequential treatment with cycloheximide and actinomycin D; UV doses above 1, 000 erg/mm2inhibited interferon synthesis. In UV-irradiated cells interferon production remained sensitive to inhibition by high concentrations of actinomycin D for at least 3 hr after exposure to Poly (I) . Poly (C) .
Irradiation of induced cells at 4, 5 or 6 hr after stimulation with Poly (I) . Poly (C) prevented the rapid decline (shutoff) of interferon synthesis seen in control cultures. All these results support the conclusion that the action of UV protects the interferon mRNA from inactivation. This effect, and the fact that interferon mRNA synthesis can occur after the irradiation of cells with superinducing doses of UV, form the basis of the enhancement of interferon production by UV.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
OSAMU MAEDA, KUNIHACHI TAKENOKUMA, YOSHIAKI KAROJI, YUKICHI MATSUYAMA1978 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 27-37
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMosquito collections by using light traps have been carried out at 10 to 11 stations in Kyoto City area at intervals of about 10 days every year. Mean percent indexes (MPI), being calculated from the data of mosquito collections, were used for comparison of the annual abundance of mosquitoes. It is no doubt thatCulex tritaeniorhynchus summorosushas decreased recently and this decrease is correlated with the reduction of human patients of Japanese encephalitis. Wide use of two herbicides, CNP and nitrofen, for rice plant cultivation, may probably be one of the reasons for the decrease of the mosquitoes.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K) -
OSAMU MAEDA, TOSHIRO KARAKI, AKIO KURODA, YOSHIAKI KAROJI, OSAMU SASAK ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 39-51
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnnual patterns of dissemination of Japanese encephalitis virus in vector mosquitoes have been investigated at the main collection station from 1965 through 1973 at some other stations from 1969 through 1971. The virus was recovered usually fromCulex tritaeniorhynchus summorosusduring a period of about a month from July to August every year till 1969, and from August to September after 1970, although at some of the stations the virus was recovered intermittently for longer or shorter terms. Higher infection rates were recorded with the mosquitoes caught at the stations near to pig sheds than at the stations far from pig sheds. The infection rates at the peak of virus recovery in high epidemic year (1965 to 1967) were higher, being over 2%, than those in lower or latent epidemic years (1968 to 1973) . Human patients of Japanese encephalitis were found in 17 to 20 days after the appearance of the highest peak of the infection rate in mosquitoes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1176K) -
NORIHISA GOTO1978 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 53-79
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author investigated the effects of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) with different physical properties on precipitin formation and skin hyperreactivity in rabbits and mice following intramuscular injection of ovalbumin (OA) with the adjuvant. Histopathological changes in the injection site and in some visceral organs were also examined. The observation periods after the injection for mice and rabbits were 20 and 28 weeks, respectively.
In contrast to the most reports, FIA of both imperfectly emulsified-water-in-oil (W/O II) and oil-in-water (O/W) types were sometimes equivalent or superior to perfectly emulsified water-in-oil (W/O I) type FIA in the enhancing effects on precipitin formation both in rabbits and mice. The skin displayed the immediate type hypersensitivity reaction to OA throughout the observation period irrespective of the type of adjuvant. The O/W type often caused significantly stronger skin hyperreactivity than the other types.
Histopathological findings in the injection site indicated that the abscess formation in rabbits was severer than that in mice, and that the O/W type induced the severest abscess. No relation was found between free fatty acid contents of adjuvant emulsion and abscess formation in either animal species. Granuloma formation in mice was always severer than that in rabbits. The O/W type caused extremely weak granuloma in mice, and none in rabbits. Histopathological changes in main visceral organs, being dependent on the emulsion type, were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (16934K) -
SERVÉ NOTERMANS, JOHN DUFRENNE, MIKE VAN SCHOTHORST1978 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 81-85
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using the so-called“double-sandwich technique”has been applied to determine botulinum toxin type A. By this assay, 50-100 mouse ip LD50of toxin type A can be detected. No cross-reaction occurs with botulinum toxins of other types tested. In all probability this is due to the high specificity of the antiserum prepared against the toxic component of type A toxin.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
TAKAO YOSHII, REISAKU KONO1978 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 87-90
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper gives optimal conditions for plaque assays in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells with 45 echoviruses including 11 fresh isolates, covering 31 serotypes. All the viruses tested except echovirus type 23 produced plaques at a high titer in the same cells by the methods described in this communication. Plaque formations by a number of strains were markedly enhanced in size or number or both by the addition of polycation.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K)
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