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Volume 31 (1978)
- Issue 5-6 Pages 371-
- Issue 4 Pages 317-
- Issue 3 Pages 225-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 31, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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OSAMU DOI, AKIRA ENDO1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 225-233
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe suspended growth of LM cells in a lipid-free chemically defined medium was almost completely inhibited in the presence of 0.1 μg/ml of ML-236B, a potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis in mammalian cells. This inhibition was effectively counteracted by adding a small amount of either mevalonate or cholesterol (dispersed in delipidated calf serum) to culture medium. The synthesis of desmosterol, the end product of sterol biosynthesis in LM cells, from [14C] acetate in cultured cells was highly sensitive to ML-236B, being inhibited 35 and 60% at its concentrations of 0.1 and 1 ng/ml, respectively, while the incorporation of [3H] mevalonate into desmosterol was not affected by ML-236B at concentrations up to 0.1 μg/ml. Synthesis of fatty acids, phospholipids, triglycerides and macromolecules like DNA, RNA and protein were not suppressed by 10 μg/ml of ML-236B. Desmosterol content of LM cells was reduced by treatment with ML-236B. These results indicate that ML-236B inhibited cell growth via specific interference in the pathway of sterol biosynthesis, presumably on the step catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase.View full abstractDownload PDF (906K) -
SHOICHI KAMEYAMA, SATORU KONDO, HIROFUMI FUKAZAWA, AKIO YAMAMOTO1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 235-247
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Production of tetanus antitoxin in rabbits and monkeys was followed by passive hemagglutination (HA) and toxinneutralization (TN) tests. The HA activity was observed in both IgM and IgG in both animal species.
2) In rabbits, IgM antitoxin was detected as early as in 7 days, reached the maximum titer in 10-14 days, and disappeared in 3 weeks after the primary immunization. Antitoxin of IgG class was detected in 10 days, and increased gradually. The ratio of HA/TN titers (“serum ratio”) was high at an early stage of primary immunization and approached the unity in 3-4 weeks. Unlike the case of guinea pigs, IgM was found to contribute greatly to this high level of ratio. Besides, most rabbits produced IgG antitoxin of high ratios at early stages of immunization.
3) The immune response of monkeys showed a pattern very similar to that of rabbits except a few days' delay in the time course of antitoxin titers. No IgG antitoxin with a high serum ratio was demonstrated. Therefore, the high serum ratio of early sera could be accounted for mainly by IgM.
4) In response to the secondary immunization, no IgM antitoxin was detected in either animal species.
5) No definite correlation between serum ratio and avidity in terms of “dilution ratio” was demonstrated. However, both the dilution ratio and serum ratio were high at an early stage of immunization and gradually decreased, though the magnitudes of the ratios were variable depending on individual animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1092K) -
EIKO KONDO, KOOMI KANAI1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 249-262
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTubercle bacilli were preincubated with lecithin-cholesterol liposomes to be subsequently exposed to phospholipase A2. After further incubation in the environment of acidic buffer, viable units in the final mixture were enumerated by inoculating the serial dilutions of an aliquot onto Kirchner agar medium containing horse serum in 5%. Another aliquot was used for lipid analyses to confirm hydrolysis of lecithin. In addition to this bactericidal type of experiments, bacteriostatic tests were also conducted with Kirchner semi-solid agar medium, into which liposome-treated bacilli were inoculated with the enzyme at a time. Various natural and synthetic lecithins different in constituent fatty acids were employed. The results indicated that toxic fatty acids released from lecithin acted to kill the bacilli or to inhibit their growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (5286K) -
AKIO YAMAMOTO, SATORU KONDO, SHOICHI KAMEYAMA, RYOSUKE MURATA1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 263-276
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKinetic studies on the adjuvanticities of several substances with different modes of action were performed in guinea pigs by using tetanus and diphtheria toxoids as the antigens. When injected subcutaneously into animals, aluminium, endotoxin, pertussis vaccine and water in oil in water (w/o/w) showed very similar adjuvanticities to tetanus toxoid at the beginning stage of immunization, but the activities except that of aluminium became less significant at later stages after the primary stimulus when antitoxin was produced abundantly. Poly L-lysine and to a less extent poly A: U showed potent adjuvanticities next to that of aluminium throughout the whole immunization period. Combination of poly L-lysine with 0.03 mg aluminium showed a similar adjuvanticity to that of 0.9 mg of aluminium alone. In contrast to rather low adjuvanticities to tetanus toxoid, more distinct adjuvanticities were observed to diphtheria toxoid throughout the whole period of immunization with various substances such as aluminium, poly A: U, w/o/w and poly L-lysine but not with endotoxin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1210K) -
OSAMU MAEDA, TOSHIRO KARAKI, AKIO KURODA, OSAMU SASAKI, YOSHIAKI KAROJ ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 277-290
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen vector mosquitoes engorged by feeding on pigs are tested for virus recovery after incubation for 7 to 10 days, the results may show mosquito infection itself. Therefore, seasonal prevalence of infection in each pig population can be estimated from course of the infection rate among mosquitoes. Many mosquitoes of the main vector of Japanese encephalitis virus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus, collected by light traps everyday or every other day in some pig sheds from 1967 to 1970 were tested for virus recovery after incubation. The tests were positive during about a month period each summer, and the peak infection rate was high being over 10%. The course of the mosquito infection showed a certain pattern with one or two peaks between the initial recovery and the highest peak. From the interval of 12 to 13 days after the first recovery to the peak, cyclic infection between the pig and the mosquito may occur at the same interval.View full abstractDownload PDF (1188K) -
FUMIHIKO KAWAMOTO, CHIHARU SUTO, NOBUO KUMADA1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 291-299
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSScanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed unique structures and development of the venomous spicules of tussock moth caterpillars of the genus Euproctis: (1) Flower-like structure at the distal end and a longitudinal minute depression on the proximal subapical wall of these spicules were observed by SEM. This depression was revealed to be a small hole by TEM. (2) During molting, observed were cytoplasmic processes of several trichogen cells penetrating the cytoplasm of a tormogen cell to form the spicules with the holes at their subapical portions. A papilla was formed by a tormogen and several epidermal cells. (3) After the molting, the cytoplasmic process in a spicule disappeared and the spicule cavity was replaced by electron-dense materials secreted apparently from the trichogen cell. (4) It was considered that the electron-dense materials were the main toxic or precursory substances in the Euproctisspicules.View full abstractDownload PDF (9270K) -
SHIGEO HONJO, FUMIAKI CHO, TOORU FUJIWARA, YUKIO YOSHIOKA, KENJI MASUK ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 301-310
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVital statistics on the breeding through successive generations were presented for the cynomolgus monkey colony of NIH, Tokyo. The results of this retrospective survey clearly demonstrated the third (F2) and the fourth (F3) generations could be bred and reared successfully by the indoor caged-breeding system in which either individual timed-mating or group mating procedure was adopted. Several important and difficult problems involved in the production of successive generations of the cynomolgus monkey by our breeding system were discussed from the standpoint of laboratory animal science.View full abstractDownload PDF (948K) -
GURSHARAN SINGH CHHATWAL, BHIKAJI BALWANT GAITONDE1978 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 311-315
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA nontoxic phospholipase A2 was purified from the venom of Indian krait (Bungarus caeruleus) by a four-step procedure involving electrophoresis, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The recovery of the enzyme activity was 37% and the purified preparation was 38 times as active as the crude venom. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 12, 500 and the optimum pH of 7.2. The enzyme showed higher specificity toward phosphatidylethanolamine than phosphatidylcholine. The preparation was not very labile to heat and its activity was dependent on the presence of divalent cations, calcium ions being the most effective activators. The enzyme was completely inhibited by iodoacetic acid but showed high stability against 8 M urea. Purified phospholipase A2was nontoxic at an iv dose of 5 μg/g mouse. The high specific activity, the high yield and the nontoxic nature of the enzyme indicate that the major form of phospholipase A2in Bungarus caeruleus venom is not associated with any toxicity and has properties somewhat similar to that of phospholipase A2from some other venoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1277K)
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