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Volume 45, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Jau-Shin WU, Chih-Feng LU, Wen-Hsiang CHOU, Haur-Yuong CHEN, Han-Fang ...1992 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 165-174
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Taiwan, the epidemiological status of HCV infection is similar to those observed in other areas of the world, with 1.0% prevalence among adult volunteer blood donors and high prevalences among the high risk groups, by the detection of anti-HCV with synthetic peptide antigens. However, unusually high prevalences, 35.1%, 15.8% and 14.2%, were observed among adult populations in three of the five aboriginal communities. No difference in sex specificity was noted. In 37 (75.0%) of the 48 anti-HCV-positive cases, HCV-RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. None of such particular risk factors as tattooing, sexual promiscuity, operation, blood transfusion, nor intravenous drug abuse could be accounted for this high prevalence of HCV infection. No helpful supporting evidence for ethnic specificity was noted, either. Although a possible sexual transmission between spouses was observed, it is unlikely to be the main cause of the high prevalence in these aboriginal communities. We conclude that the unusually high prevalence of HCV infection observed in some aboriginal communities in Taiwan could be ascribed to poor anti-septic medical practice derived from insufficiency of medical personnel and facilities in these communities as compared with the other regions in Taiwan at the time before twenty years ago.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K) -
SYAFRUDDIN, Kiyoshi KAMIMURA, Hideo HASEGAWA, Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIY ...1992 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 175-184
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epidemiological study of malaria infection was conducted in the Likupang District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, during August 2-15, 1991. In this study, 510 people of six villages, representing ages between 1 month to 84 years cooperated voluntarily. Blood smears stained with Giemsa and acridine orange (AO), revealed 33 and 83 malaria parasite positives respectively. This significant difference was due particularly to the fact that AO staining examined under either a daylight- or halogen-illuminated microscope equipped with interference filters was sensitive to detect low-density parasitemia in many subjects previously diagnosed negative by Giemsa staining in the field. The low malaria prevalence obtained by Giemsa staining may have been attributable to the lack of standard-quality diagnostic tools in the field or inadequate observation of the slides. In both staining methods, Plasmodium falciparum was found to be the predominant species, while the remainings were P. vivax or a mixture of both. Subjects infected with P. vivax revealed higher density of parasitemia and gametocytemia than those with P. falciparum.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
Margarita APOSTOLOVA, Panayot R. BONTCHEV, Choudomir NACHEV, Ivanka SI ...1992 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 185-198
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metallothionein (MT) synthesis was induced in the liver of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats through sc injections of CdCl2 for 3 and 6 days. The MT contents of the liver of these animals and of untreated rats from both groups were determined by gel filtration, HPLC, SDS/PAGE and amino acid analysis. The isoforms MT 1 and MT 2 were identified and their Cd, Zn and SH-group contents were determined. The SHR showed significantly higher values of MT than WKY rats in the untreated animals and on the 3rd day of the induction. On the 6th day, the MT levels in both groups were equal. The Cd and Zn contents followed the MT concentration in the homogenates. The possible relation between the arterial hypertension and the zinc and copper homeostasis is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2075K) -
Aye KYAW, Kyi-Kyi MYINT, Tin OO, Khin-Maung U1992 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 199-202
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring cholera toxin (CT) -induced hypersecretion in suckling rats, the rise in the intestinal cAMP concentration was found to be accompanied by a decrease in the cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity. The results suggest the involvement of phosphodiesterase (PDE) as one of the factors governing the rise of cAMP.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Kikuko MIYAMURA, Kazuyo YAMASHITA, Shizuko YAMADERA, Nobuko KATO, Masa ...1992 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 203-214
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report presents an overall distribution of poliovirus isolations in Japan, where poliomyelitis has been under control over two decades as a result of legal administration of two doses of the trivalent live oral poliovirus vaccine of the Sabin strains (OPV) to children under 48 months of age. During the past 12 years from 1980 through 1991, a total of 1, 126 poliovirus isolations from humans and 268 isolations from sewage/river water were reported by respectively 49 and nine of the participating laboratories. Type 2 was most frequently isolated from children after administration of one dose of OPV, followed by type 1 and type 3.On the contrary, after the second dose of OPV, the rate of isolation of type 3 exceeded those of type 2 and type 1. Seasonal and age distribution of poliovirus isolations from both humans and sewage/river water paralleled the OPV vaccination schedule in Japan. One percent of the isolations were, however, from infants younger than the vaccination-scheduled ages and 5% were from children older than those ages, including one each from 15 and 16 years olds. The data indicate that the poliovirus has silently been disseminated from vaccinated children to others and the community, thus suggesting repeated transmission of the viruses. The fact that some elder children had poliovirus colonization in their alimentary tracts indicates a potential risk of infection of such a population when exposed to a wild virus and of becoming a source of transmission to others.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K)
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