The disturbances of the usual bacterial ecology induced by the administration of antibiotics have already been described. While the usual microbial population maintains a delicate balance between the various types, antibiotic therapy favours the multiplication of certain members of the bacterial population. Therapy directed toward infections with antibiotics may allow or promote the insensitive or resistant organisms to these medicaments to flourish. Such changes in microbial population are occasionally associated with a superinfection. In addition to Proteus, Pseudomonas and Candida, certain species of. staphylococci are also capable of promoting a new infection. This incidence had been first pointed out by Kramer in 1948 who had reported on a fatal staphylococcal enteritis developing during streptomycin therapy. This problem has recently received new prominence in medical literature because of the many reports published at U.S.A. and various countries in Europe. However, there has been no report on the infection in this country up to date.
It happened that a girl, aged 7, was admitted with a clinical diagnosis of dysentery, when we paid an attention to the incidence of this infection. During the administration of tetracycline, she suddenly developed pyrexia with frequent diarrhoea, vomitings, and violent abdominal pain. Her syndrome was gastroenteritic, not a dysenteric one that was shown at the early stage after admission, and she died just 36 hours after the acute onset of symptoms. All cultures made from the throat, faeces and vomiting substance obtained before her death produced a pure growth of coagulase-positive haemolytic staphylococcus. The diagnosis of staphylococcal gastro-enteritis was ascertained from the laboratorial result. Examining on the materials of the cases presented by these syndromes, we were confident of the existence of some cases caused by staphylococcal infection promoted by antibiotic administration. Thereafter, other 24 cases of staphylococcal enteritis were found in this hospital during the period of 4 months, from April to July of 1954.
The purpose of this paper is to report on some findings obtained from these patients as follows: 1) the relation between antibiotic therapy and staphylococcal gastro-enteritis, 2) the clinical picture of staphylococcal gastro-enteritis, 3) its treatment, and 4) resistance of staphylococcus to several antibiotics.

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In 1915, Leptospica icterohaemorrhagiae was discovered and identified as the causative organism of Weil's disease by Inada and Ido. Ido and his colleagues who, in 1917, studied the condition of a disease known as Nanukayami (Seven-days' fever), succeeded in finding out in patient of the disease a species of leptospira serologically different from L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and named it L. hebdomadis in the next year.
Subsequently, the research in this field received increased attention and various strains of leptospiras have since been isolated from humans and animals all over the world.
L. canicola was first isolated from dogs by Klarenbeek and Schüffner (1931), and from humans by Schüffner and his coworkers (1935) . More than 400 cases of human infection with L. canicola are now recorded in the world medical literature. Canine leptospirosis is distributed all the world over and cases of the disease have been reported from all countries. It is due to the canicola strain in a large majority of cases.
In our country, L. canicola was isolated from dogs by Yamamoto (1940), Kitaoka (1940) and ourselves (1952) . Transmission of this disease from dogs to humans has been suspected, but no actual ease to justify the suspicion has yet been reported to our knowledge. It was while studying chemotherapy for leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica that we found the first human infection with leptospira cinicola in 1950. The cases met with afterwards were one in 1951 and 46—3 sporadic and others epidemic—in 1952. As the epidemic cases were discribed in our previous report, 5 sporadic cases will be dealt with in this report.

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Japanese Blattaria were studied by T. Shiraki, H. Karny, H. Furukawa, T. Ishihara and others. In 1931, Dr, Shiraki enumerated sixty-eight species of them from the Japanese territory including Formosa, Ryukyu, and the Bonin Islands, but our knowledge in regard to their taxonomy, distribution, lifehistory and problems relative to human welfare seems still to be very insufficient.
In this tentative check-list there are arranged all the recorded species from the post-war limit of Japan including the Ryukyu and the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, together with the citation of their distributional records.

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