Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
Online ISSN : 1883-6526
Print ISSN : 0037-9980
ISSN-L : 0037-9980
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Volume 36, Issue 8
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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  • Chemistry of Meisenheimer Complexes
    Shizen SEKIGUCHI
    1978 Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 633-656
    Published: August 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: January 22, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.36.633
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The chemistry of Meisenheimer complex (MC) is reviewed. It is well known that MC intervene as stable or unstable anionic σ complexes in the course of aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions. The existence of MC can be determined by spectrophotometry or NMR spectrometry in some cases ; whether MC are confirmed during the course or not depends mainly the kind of groups at the aromatic ring carbon which undergoes substitution, activating groups in the rings, and solvents used.
    Beginning with a brief historical survey of the chemistry of MC, their confirmation, their electronic structures, the mechanisms of aromatic substitution reactions via them, and their miscellaneous uses are reviewed.
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  • Chemistry of Pentalenes
    Minoru SUDA
    1978 Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 657-666
    Published: August 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.36.657
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    Pentalene is a bicyclic 8 π electron system, and is usually unstable. Syntheses of stable pentalene derivatives and their physical and chemical properties are surveyed. Pentalenes are classified into four groups; (1) those which have simple alkyl (mostly methyl) substituents, and are not isolated as monomer, (2) those which are stable as monomer due to the steric effect of substituents, (3) those which are stable as monomer, or in equilibrium with the dimer, due to the electronic effect of substituents, and (4) those which contain an hetero atom in the ring.
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  • New Aspects of the Formose Reaction
    Yoshihiro SHIGEMASA
    1978 Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 667-683
    Published: August 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.36.667
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    Recent studies concerning the formose reaction which was analyzed by measuring the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the reaction mixture were reviewed. Some appreciable transition points in the ORP curve show satisfactory the occurence of a phase change, such as the induction period, the formose - forming and the suger - decomposing stages. The linear relations between the concentration of the dissolved calcium ion species and the induction period (T min) and the formose -forming period (T max -Tmin), namely Tmin = a [CaOH+] +c and T max - Tmin =a [CaOH+] + b [Ca (OH) 2] +c, were obtained, suggesting that CaOH+ is the principle catalytic species in the induction period, while both CaOH+ and Ca (OH) 2 are effective in the formose - forming step. When the major parts of the dissolved calcium ions were removed as sparingly soluble salts or chelate complexes at the end of the induction period (T min), a selective formose reaction was found to occur giving three kinds of branched sugar alcohols. The effects of other added metal hydroxides on the formose-forming step and the product distributions are also examined.
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  • Model Reactions of Biosynthesis and its Application to Industrial Processes
    Noboru YAMAZAKI
    1978 Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 684-691
    Published: August 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.36.684
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    Importance of more precise inventions on biosynthesis is emphasised in view point of saving resources and energy in the chemical industries.
    Oxydation-reduction condensations and hydrolysis-dehydration condensations by phosphorous acids and esters with pyridine are revealed as models of condensation with adenosine triphosphate in living cells. Especially the condensation with aryl phosphites are carried out at room temperature with almost quantative yields and are able to employed in polymer syntheses. Possibilities of applications to industrial processes of the reactions are discussed.
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  • Aspects of Lithographic Printing Plates
    Teruhiko YONEZAWA
    1978 Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 692-696
    Published: August 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.36.692
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    This review article describes the present status of lithographic printings in which many advances have been made in Japan and other countries as a growth industry.
    Features of various plates and printing processes available at present are reviewed and campared.
    Future trends in the printing industry are suggested.
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  • Progress in Antibiotic Research
    Mamoru ARAI
    1978 Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 697-706
    Published: August 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.36.697
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Osamu KINOSHITA
    1978 Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 707-710
    Published: August 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.36.707
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