有機合成化学協会誌
Online ISSN : 1883-6526
Print ISSN : 0037-9980
ISSN-L : 0037-9980
49 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
  • 新田 和男
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 968-979
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    At present, more than 50 kinds of cancer chemotherapeutics are used in Japan. Combination therapy with a few most suitable drugs has made some cases of malignant diseases curable. Most cancers are, however, not cured by chemotherapy alone, and therefore, new anticancer drugs which have stronger anticancer activity and far less toxicity are earnestly desired to be obtained. It is not the castle on the sands but a realizable goal to find such ideal drugs as cure many kinds of cancers with the lowest toxicity.
  • 抗癌剤耐性を中心に
    鶴尾 隆
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 980-988
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Resistance of tumors to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents presents a major problem in cancer treatment. The gene responsible for multidrug resistance, termed mdr 1, encodes a membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) that acts as a pump to transport various cytotoxic agents. The P-glycoprotein has been shown to bind anticancer drugs and several resistance-reversing agents including calcium channel blockers, and to be an ATPase. The P-glycoprotein bears considerable interest as a target for cancer chemotherapy. Possible approaches targeting the P-glycoprotein are described.
  • 金子 正勝
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 989-1001
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recent development in the synthetic chemistry of the antitumor antimetabolites of nucleic acid related compounds has been reviewed. In addition to the methodology of the synthesis of antimetabolites from the point of synthetic chemistry, the antitumor activities and the mechanisms of them have also been mentioned.
  • 池田 大四郎, 味戸 慶一
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1002-1012
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Anthracycline antibiotics, adriamycin, daunomycin and aclacinomycin A, have been widely used in the clinical treatment of various tumor diseases. Recently, semisynthetic anthracyclines, pirarubicin and epirubicin having improved antitumor effects and reduced adverse reactions in comparison with the parent compound, have been launched into clinical chemotherapy. Furthermore, several semisynthetic agents are under the clinical trials (phase I or phase II stage). In our search for useful and orally absorbable analogs, we synthesized a new barminomycin analog and a number of pirarubicin analogs. Barminomycins I and II have the unique eight-membered acetal-azomethine ring structure and show the strong activity in vitro. A new barminomycin analog (1) has been synthesized through the hypothetical biogenic intermediate, 4'-O-glycosyldaunomycin (22). The activity of 1 in vitro is stronger than that of the parent daunomycin. The quantitative structure-activity relationships of orally absorbable pirarubicin analogs are also discussed. The gastrointestinal absorption of salicylidene analogs of pirarubicin depends on the van der Waals volume of the substituent (s) on the salicylidene moiety and the polarity of the molecule.
  • 寺沢 弘文, 江島 明男, 杉森 正道
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1013-1020
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2010/01/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    現在臨床評価が進んでいるCPT-11あるいはTopotecanは, いずれも植物から抽出した天然のCPTを原料とした半合成で製造されているが, 植物中の含有量が少ないことから大量供給には問題が残されており, また, 植物の成長が天候に大きく左右されることを考えると, 安定供給という面からも効率の良いCPTの合成法が望まれている。今回我々は, 天然型CPTの合成法の検討を行い, 光学分割および不斉合成法により, 天然型CPT合成のkeyとなる光学活性な3環性化合物の合成に成功し, 天然型CPTの大量合成に対応可能な効率的合成法を開発した。さらに, この3環性化合物を活用し, CPTの構造活性相関を探るべく骨格あるいは置換基の変換を検討した結果, in vivoおよびin vivoにおいて非常に強い抗腫瘍効果を持つ, 新規な骨格の6環性化合物を得ることができた。CPTの単離, 構造決定から4半世紀が経過した現在, 再びCPTが脚光を浴びているのは, CPT-11が臨床試験で優れた効果を示し, 高い評価を受けていること, およびCPTのトポイソメラーゼIの阻害という全く新しい作用メカニズムが明らかにされたという2つの理由に拠る所が大きい。CPT-11, Topotecanに次いで9-アミノーCPTあるいは10, 11-メチレンジオキシーCPTなどが前臨床研究の段階にあり, しばらくはCPTに関する話題が尽きないであろう。
  • 前田 満和
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1021-1031
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cisplatin [cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II)] has been widely used for clinical cancer chemotherapy though the complex has severe side effect such as renal toxicity. This article is summarized synthetic method, reactivities, and mechanism of action against target molecules of cisplatin. And a part of newly synthesized cisplatin analogs including our liposoluble or water miscible platinum (II) complexes are summarized with their antitumor activities against experimental tumors.
  • 平間 正博
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1032-1042
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The first generation of 10 membered ring analogues (11-13) of the neocarzinostatin chromophore (1) could undergo the thiol or radical triggered Masamune-Bergman type cycloaromatization, but they were not able to show the antibiotic nor antitumor activities. New analogues (2729) of the second generation exhibited the remarkable DNA cleaving activities as well as the biological activities. The unprecedented guanine specific DNA cleavage by the simple chiral alcohol 28 is striking, while the complex of the possible intercalator 29 with the neocarzinostatin apoprotein (2) did not show an evident specificity.
  • その構造単位の生物活性における役割を中心として
    小西 正隆
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1043-1052
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    以上概説したようにジイネン抗生物質は今までに想像されなかったジラジカル発生活性本体と共に, その活性化引き金部や, 逆にその歯止め役を担う部, さらにDNAの特定塩基対を認識して化合物を配位させる部を持ついわゆる自然の妙ともいうべき化合物である。
    この研究において特に重要な点はこれら化合物の発見が契機となって新しいラジカル発生構造やDNA配位構造, それらの機能の研究が著しく進歩したことである。例示のようにジイネン母核の合成は全合成的にも単純なモデル合成も短期間に多彩な展開を示し, 細胞毒性を持つ化合物が既に多種報告されている。しかしこれらの活性は未だ天然物に比較し数万分の1程度であり, この差が何に由来するかは今後の研究課題である。天然物のDNA配位部, 活性化の引き金部を導入することはその解明の一つと思われ, 実際にEPM, CLMのオリゴ糖部を結合したジイネン化合物の合成も報告されている。活性化の引き金についてはチオール, トリスルフィド, エポキサイド等を持つモデルも既に数種合成され, これらが天然物で予想された働きを示すことも証明されている。従ってこれらをいかに巧みに組み合わせるかが今後の方向であろう。
    この際立って強いジイネン化合物の細胞毒性は, 一方で正常細胞への副作用が問題となっている。このためモノクローナル抗体との複合体の研究が進められ, 既にCLMでは親化合物より優れた複合体も報告されている。市販ネオカルチノスタチンもスチレンマレイン酸アミド複合体の開発が進められている。しかし合成化学的にはこのクラス化合物の特色である特定DNA配位基と活性化の引き金部の研究に一層の期待をしたい。即ち癌細胞に多いDNA配列を認識する側鎖や癌細胞で働く起爆装置が工夫結合できれば今までよりはるかに優れた抗癌剤開発につながることは明らかである。この数年ジイネン化合物で作用機構との係わりにおいて展開された合成研究は, この化学的ターゲッテング抗癌剤が夢でないことを示している。
  • 北川 勲, 小林 資正
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1053-1061
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Marine organisms comprise over half a million species. Due to their unusual living circumstances as compared with terrestrial organisms, marine organisms produce a variety of metabolites which often possess various unprecedented chemical structures. In recent years, an increasing number of marine natural products have been reported to exhibit various biological activities : e.g. growth inhibitions against pathogenic microorganisms, physiological functions (pheromone, allelochemic, synomone), pharmacological actions, cytotoxicities and anti-tumor activities, and toxicities.
    Following the trend of the times, many efforts have been made to discover new anti-cancer agents from marine sources, and various novel compounds (e.g. peptide, polyether, alkaloid, prostanoid, etc.), with anti-tumor activities, have been isolated from marine sponges, octocorals, marine algae, tunicates, nudibranchs, bryozoans, and others. In this article, those chemically clarified anti-tumor compounds isolated from marine organisms are reviewed.
  • 梅澤 一夫
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1062-1069
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Streptomyces and other microorganisms produce antibiotics, anticancer agents and enzyme inhibitors as secondary metabolites. Microorganisms are a treasury of organic compounds which have various structures and biological activities. Therefore, isolation of the specific bioactive products in culture broths is dependent upon the testing method. Since oncogene theory has been extensively developed, we have screened oncogene function inhibitors as a new group of microbial secondary metabolites. Oncogene functions include acting as a modified growth factor receptor (erb B, erb B 2 fms), acting as a growth factor itself (sis, hst), the tyrosine kinase activity (src oncogene group), and acting as a G protein to activate phosphatidylinositol turnover (ras).
    Erbstatin is an inhibitor of erb B, erb B 2 and src products-associated tyrosine kinase. In cell culture it inhibited EGF receptor internalization, delayed the onset of EGF-induced DNA synthesis in quiescent cells, and induced normal phenotypes in src oncogene expressing cells. It inhibited the growth of human breast and esophageal carcinomas in nude mice. Lavendustin A was isolated from Streptomyces as a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinase. It is a novel compound and about 50 times stronger than erbstatin in in vitro inhibition of tyrosine kinase. Many oncogenes including ras, src, sis, fms, and fes are considered to activate cellular phosphatidylinositol turnover. We have isolated psi-tectorigenin, inostamycin and piericidin B1 N-oxide as inhibitors of inositol incorporation into phospholipids. Thus, various inhibitors of oncogene functions including novel structures have been discovered in microbial secondary metabolites. They are useful for the dynamic study of oncogenes.
  • 入江 一浩, 小清水 弘一
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1070-1079
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Teleocidins are potent tumor promoters produced by actinomycetes. Simpler in structure and of higher stability than other potent tumor promoters, phorbol esters and aplysiatoxins, they are particularly useful for investigating the mechanism of tumor promotion using various synthetic teleocidin analogues. The authors found a teleocidin-producing actinomycete, Streptoverticillium blastmyceticum NA 34-17, which has a characteristic feature of producing (-) -indolactam-Val (ILV) in quantity, the fundamental structure of teleocidins. Using this micro-organism, they have synthesized various ILV derivatives, examined the structure-activity relationships and prepared new fluorescent or photolabile ILV derivatives for the receptor analysis of tumor promoters. They have also investigated the metabolism and biosynthesis of teleocidins. This review mainly deals with the structure-activity relationships of teleocidins, syntheses of fluorescent or photolabile ILV derivatives and their application on the receptor analysis of tumor promoters.
  • 池田 大四郎, 小西 正隆, 入江 一浩, 小清水 弘一
    1991 年 49 巻 11 号 p. 1080
    発行日: 1991/11/01
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
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