The Urban Design Centers (UDCs) in Japan are practical urban design platforms for public–private–academic collaboration with three characteristics: space planning by collaboration, initiatives of experts, and a hub facility open to all people. This paper explores possibilities and challenges for UDCs in built-up areas in major provincial cities, through the UDC Matsuyama (UDCM) case-study. UDCM was established in 2014 to revitalize Matsuyama City center. Interviews of people involved in UDCM, literature surveys, and participant observations were performed.
 Investigations showed the following achievements and problems of UDCM.
 (1) Space planning by collaboration
 ·The double-tiered systems － a governing organization as a collaboration hub and an executing organization － enables experts to engage and collaborate in various field activities. Money management by the university counteracts the funders' influence.
 ·To create an appealing urban space, UDCM participates in urban renewal projects in a variety of ways. Shortly after its establishment, UDCM participated in the conventional project planning process, using connections with local government. Once UDCM's performance became known, private enterprises and local organizations directly contacted UDCM for consultation and project support.
 (2) Initiatives of experts
 ·It was necessary for UDCM to formulate a vision for the city to share with many stakeholders and to position its role. However, during start-up, UDCM relinquished this formulating vision for two reasons: it was difficult for a new vision to be consistent with existing plans if positioned within the planning framework of local government; and, if positioned as UDCM's own, it risked being unsupported because UDCM initially had no performance record. Following better understanding of UDCM's role and effect, discussions restarted in the third year toward producing a vision for the city.
 ·UDCM achieves a balance between specialized and local knowledge, and between practical and research power, using experts in many fields including academics with specialized knowledge and skills, retired local government employees with broad human resources and local knowledge, and private experts with rich field experience.
 ·Human resource development is critical in provincial cities experiencing a continuing drain of young people to large cities. UDCM enhances the community's power through a variety of programs.
 (3) Hub facility open to all
 ·Establishing rules for use and operation of the facility through lively and engaging discussions with residents, within the pilot program framsework, enabled organized operation of the facility in the city center where many stakeholders are present.
 ·The hub facility is used in different ways according to citizens' needs: a place to rest for people with little interest in urban design; and, for people with an active interest, to provide relevant information for beginners and to hold events and participate in human resource development.
 The UDCM case-study demonstrated three important points in adopting UDCs in built-up areas in major provincial cities, which have complex relationship among numerous stakeholders.
 ·Produce a visible result by flexibly participating in public and private urban renewal projects in a variety of ways under the organizational structure by public–private–academic collaboration.
 ·Formulate a vision for the city to share with many stakeholders, and move into action to realize it, in cooperation with citizens and experts in many fields inside and outside the city.
 ·Establish rules for use and operation of the hub facility through discussions with neighbors.

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行政は、全国画一的な都市づくりから地域の個性を活かした地域環境に相応しい都市づくりに変えようとする意識のある自治体が主体的に取り組んできたものである。1971年の横浜市を皮切りに、1980年代から全国的な広がりを見せ、多くの自治体に「都市デザイン室」や「都市景観課」などの行政を推進するセクションが組織化され、主に都市景観条例を制度的根拠として、個性的なまちづくりが展開されてきた。しかしその一方で、根拠法の脆弱さや行政の厚い縦割りの壁などのシステム上の理由などから様々な課題も抱えている。
「都市型社会」へ移行する２１世紀において、都市の再構築が各自治体において最重要課題となっており、ますます行政の積極的な取り組みが求められている.また、近年、特定非営利活動促進法の制定等のように市民主体のまちづくりへの大きな潮流が見られ、一部の自治体において、既に組織の再編や新たな条例制定等の動きがあり、今後、行政の取り組み方やシステムの見直しが一層進むことが予想される。
本研究は、筆者の一人が直接的に携わった沖縄県那覇市都市デザイン室の実践を通して行政の現状と実態を明らかにし、全体的な実践システムの問題点と課題の考察を行うことを目的とし、今後求められる行政のあり方についての知見を得る。

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In this study, we examined the possibility of public space management according to collaboration with community-based development organization between university. Our target is the meaning of town-gown collaboration and role of university and community organization in such case. The analysis result is in the follows.
1. In the first time, there were only maintenance program. After that some soft-program were carrying out which are improving quality of public space, there were produced the synergistic effect, and increased the private investment.
2. By proposal and consulting, it is easy to actualization of action plan and receiving funds which can be carried out many programs.
3. There are organized responsibility of roles which is mutual supporting system, because of UCD acting the part of activities of which can not work out only university, and university play part in supporting using university assets.

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VIENNA IS ONE OF THE REPRESENTATIVE CITIES WHICH HAS STREET-WALL TOWNSCAPE. THE AIMS OF THIS STUDY ARE TO CONSTRUCT THE IDEA TO EVALUATE ON THE TOWSCAPE AND TO KNOW HOW TO HARMONIZE ARCHITECTURE, STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMOUS ARCHITECTURE AND THE NEIGHBORING. CONTENTS OF THIS PAPER ARE AS FOLLOWS; (1)TO CLASSIFY ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF STREET-WALL TOWNSCAPE, (2)TO CONSTRUCT THE CRITERIA TO EVALUATE THE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS, AND (3)TO ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP IN EACH ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS BETWEEN THE OBJECT AND THE NEIGHBORING ARCHITECTURE.

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Since 2000's in U.S.A. architects and planners have started to establish organizations or places open to public in order to have greater connection with the society and to contribute to the local community. The places are facilitated with public spaces such as gallery, library and workspace, while the organizations run programs such as seminars, tours, meetings and exhibitions. American Institute of Architects has managed the Centers for Architecture in the Chapters respectively. This paper focuses on the Centers of New York and Philadelphia Chapters and analyzes their organization and activity to reveal the mechanism of public engagement and professional collaboration.

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Since the late 1980s in European major cities, government, architects, urban planners have gathered to create urban centers to inform public the past, present and future vision of the region in order to promote sustainable urban planning debate among stakeholders. Those centers are 1) set with designed office within historic or modern building in the central part of the region, 2) lead by experts, and 3) participated and funded by multi entities including government, private companies or stakeholders. This paper focuses on urban centers by organizational structure typology, and look through five cases which are Pavillon de L'arsenal, Urban Center Bologna, Architectuurcentrum Amsterdam, New London Architecture, and Urban Center Metropolitano in Turin, to reveal the methods to establish and organize by publicprivate partnership formulation effectively in these municipal regions.

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行政は、全国画一的な都市づくりから地域の個性を活かした地域環境に相応しい都市づくりに変えようとする意識のある自治体が主体的に取り組んできたものである。1971年の横浜市を皮切りに、1980年代から全国的な広がりを見せ、多くの自治体に「都市デザイン室」や「都市景観課」などの行政を推進するセクションが組織化され、主に都市景観条例を制度的根拠として、個性的なまちづくりが展開されてきた。しかしその一方で、根拠法の脆弱さや行政の厚い縦割りの壁などのシステム上の理由などから様々な課題も抱えている。「都市型社会」へ移行する２１世紀において、都市の再構築が各自治体において最重要課題となっており、ますます行政の積極的な取り組みが求められている.また、近年、特定非営利活動促進法の制定等のように市民主体のまちづくりへの大きな潮流が見られ、一部の自治体において、既に組織の再編や新たな条例制定等の動きがあり、今後、行政の取り組み方やシステムの見直しが一層進むことが予想される。本研究は、筆者の一人が直接的に携わった沖縄県那覇市都市デザイン室の実践を通して行政の現状と実態を明らかにし、全体的な実践システムの問題点と課題の考察を行うことを目的とし、今後求められる行政のあり方についての知見を得る。

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本稿は今日のまちづくりにおいて益々重要な公民連携とその指針となる地域の将来構想に着目し、静岡県清水港及び周辺で取り組む清水みなとまちづくり公民連携協議会と『清水みなとまちづくりグランドデザイン』の初動を速報するものである。本協議会は静岡県と静岡市及び地元企業等が2018年4月に設立、翌2019年7月にグランドデザインを公表、以来、先導地区の具体的検討を進めている。ここでの公民連携には５つの要点がある。①行政と主要企業が対等に主導している。②そこからの出向者が専門業務を自ら行っている。③地域の将来構想が幅広い分野に及ぶ。④地域の将来構想を実現に導く仕組みがある。⑤過程と成果を公開している。

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本稿は、遅い交通への転向が進む近年の都市部街路に関する実践・研究成果から、その空間デザインと利活用デザインの動向を概観し、地域のコミュニティ形成に関する今後に向けた論点を抽出するものである。利活用デザインについては、コミュニティ形成を主眼としたエリアマネジメントに関する知見の整理や、直接コミュニティデザインに踏み込む試みに関する知見の拡充など、さまざまなチャンネルからコミュニティデザインへの接続が求められる一方、空間デザインについては、「遅い交通」のための空間デザイン論を構築していく必要があるとした。

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1．はじめに

IoT（Internet of Things）や人工知能，ビッグデータといった情報処理技術によって環境，エネルギー，経済，食糧，健康などのあらゆる課題を解決していく社会を意味する「スマー

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I clarify the operational characteristics of the Nagasaki Urban Design System and the unwritten design manners in this report. I can point out as operational characteristics that the fixed members give advice while long-term, that it is applied to both of public and private projects, that it has no guideline, that they advise after watching the site and the actual product, and that the planners who can understand this system are chosen. vertical louvers of buildings, white tones, rooftop greening and voluminous green, hiding fences, reuse of historic materials, and similar designing are unwritten design manners.

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To create good urban form, correlation of various factors is significant. Cities and projects have executed coordination systems such as municipal urban design team, town management, design review and so on. This paper focuses on urban design center as an organization to contribute spatial design, to provide platform to local communities, to have its own place open to public and to be run by experts. The case is Urban Design Center Kashiwa-no-ha, which has been managed since 2006 by local government, communities, universities and developer to work for a suburb being developed around a commuting station in Tokyo Metropolitan Area.

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WE ARE COMING TO RECOGNIZE ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE AMENITY OF OUR ENVIRONMENT，AND IT IS REQUIRED FOR PLANNERS AND DESIGNERS TO CONSIDER THE URBAN IMAGE. IN THIS STUDY, WE CAN SET THE FRAME-WORK, PRINCIPALLY IN TERMS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION, WHICH IS COMPOSED OF 7 STAGES OF‘ASPECT’. EVERY‘ASPECT’MEANS THE SPATIAL UNIT THAT HAS A CHARACTERISTIC IMAGEABILITY WITH ITS OWN HUMAN−SCALE AND ITS OWN IMPORTANCE FOR HUMAN SENSIBILITY. THIS SPATIAL STRUCTURE IS PROVED BY ANALYZING PHENOMENAL PERCEPTIONS TO HUMAN IN ‘EDO-MEISHO-ZUE'. THIS STUDY PROPOSED 7 STAGES OF‘ASPECT'WITH SOME TYPES OF IMAGEABLE PLACE, AND THEY PERMIT US UNDERSTANDING THE URBAN IMAGE FOR OPERATIONAL DESIGN TOOL.

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