The demarche made by the pope and his ambassadors, the papal legates, concerning Southern France can not be totally explained under the current historical notions as a measure to oppose the heresies of the time. Their intention was rather to consciously "work for peace and faith" (negotium pacis et fidei). This conception was formed in the late 12^<th> century on the basis of a Peace of God, or Truce of God, which flourished from the 10^<th> to 11^<th> centuries. According to this conception, heresy was to be classed among the attackers of Christian peace; and political rulers were required to purge heretics as the enemies of Peace. During this period, the pope, in opposition to the emperor, aimed to put Provence under his influence. Montpellier, allied with the papacy since the 11^<th> century, was the "starting point" of this project. Consequently, the purpose of papal legates, Peter of Castelnau and Milon, was to realize this religious-political objective in Southern France, demanding its rulers to take an oath of collaboration. However, this new conception, implying fidelity of these rulers to the pope, was so different from the local tranditional peace-keeping system that groups arose that rejected the oath on the one hand, and took it, on the other.
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