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  • 川口 琢司
    史学雑誌
    2000年 109 巻 4 号 586-595
    発行日: 2000/04/20
    公開日: 2017/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 久保 一之
    史学雑誌
    1994年 103 巻 5 号 902-907
    発行日: 1994/05/20
    公開日: 2017/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 高木 小苗
    内陸アジア史研究
    2014年 29 巻 17-41
    発行日: 2014/03/31
    公開日: 2017/10/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper analyses the formation of the Ilkhanate from the standpoint of the composition and attribution of troops under the command of the first Ilkhan, Hulegu. In 1206, Chinggis Khan organized troops under his command into groups of 1,000 men. He distributed some of these groups among his younger brothers and sons as qubi. Each recipient formed his own ulus, or khanate. In 1254, Mongke Qa'an, a grandson of Chinggis Khan, dispatched his younger brother Hulegu to conquer West Asia. According to Jami' al-Tawarikh, which was compiled in the early 14th century, Mongke, having consulted with members of his family, ordered that henceforth the two tama groups that had been garrisoned in West Asia during the late 1220s should be transferred to the command of Hulegu. In addition, Mongke resolved that the troops conscripted from among the groups of 1,000 men were to be granted to Hulegu as his inju. After Mongke's death, his other brother, Qubilai, acceded to the throne of Qa'an in 1260 and recognized Hulegu's reign over 'the Mongol troops and the regions of Tazik, or Iran Zamin'. This paper demonstrates that these troops were not transferred to Hulegu during the reign of Mongke Qa'an. The later writings of Jami' al-Tawarikh justify both the rule of Hulegu and his descendants over these troops and Iran Zamin, in particular that of Hulegu's great grandson, Ghazan Khan, and also the formation of the Ilkhanate. In reality, these troops came under the command of Hulegu and his descendants in stages between the second half of Hulegu's reign and the first half of the reign of his successor, Abaqa Khan. Moreover, this paper illustrates that Ilugei Noyan from the Jalair tribe and Sunjaq Noyan from the Suldus tribe belonged to Hulegu's primary ulus formed in Mongolia before 1238. Thus, their families and descendants maintained their power and influence over Iran Zamin even after the decline of the Ilkhanate in the late 1330s.
  • 宮脇 淳子
    史学雑誌
    1991年 100 巻 1 号 36-73,157-156
    発行日: 1991/01/20
    公開日: 2017/11/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Mongol Empire, which was built by Chinggis Khan through his unification of the nomadic peoples of Central Eurasia in the early thirteenth century, in the same way as the great nomadic empires that preceded it, split up into four major states due to internal conflicts among its rulers in the latter half of the same century. Its successor states also either fell or split up further during the middle of the following century. A difference of major importance, however, between the Mongol Empire and its predecessors was that the Central Eurasian nomads never forgot the glorious name of Chinggis Khan even after the split and the fall of its successor states. In the later nomadic society people's minds were long conditioned by the unwritten law that only those having Chinggis Khan's blood in their veins were entitled to khanship. The Oyirad, a group of people who held sway over Mongolia for some time after the fall of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China, are known to Westerners as the Kalmyks or the Western Mongols. They were called 'aliens (qari)' by the Mongols proper, or the descendants of the Yuan loyalists who reunited in the late fifteenth century. No male descendant of Chinggis Khan was to be found among chiefs of the groups making up the Oyirad. Still they produced such famous chiefs as Guusi Khan and Galdan Bosoqtu Khan in the seventeenth century. When and through what process was khanship born in the Oyirad? Who was it that legitimized such a title? Early in the seventeenth century, the Oyirad tribes succeeded in destroying a Mongol khan who had been their overlord and freed themselves from their former tributary obligations to the Mongols. Now they wished to have their own khan and obtained permission to do so from the Fifth Dalai Lama, the supreme leader of the Dge lugs pa Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, a faith which they had zealously embraced. Yet, even the Oyirad had not lost their traditional respect for Chinggis Khan, which enabled only Guusi Khan of the Xosud tribe and his descendants to assume the title of khan, since they supposedly could date their ancestry back to Josi Qasar, a younger brother of Chinggis Khan. Among the sovereigns of the so-called Zun Γar 'Empire' that grew powerful in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to become the last of equestrian nomadic empires in Central Asian histofy, only Galdan, whose mother was a daughter of Guusi Khan of the Xosud, was granted khanship by the Dalai Lama. All others held only the title of xong tayizi, which meant a viceroy under a khan among the Mongols. Thus there never was a 'Zun Γar Khanate'.
  • 内陸アジア史研究
    2016年 31 巻 197-223
    発行日: 2016/03/31
    公開日: 2017/05/26
    ジャーナル フリー
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