The intention of this paper is to figure out the relationship between Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural thought and his design through an analysis of modification system of the Prairie Houses that represent his works in the First Golden Age. The analysis consists of two main chapters as follows: Chapter 2 overviews the modification of his Prairie Houses focusing attention on several 'types' of his works that originally propounded by the author based on previous studies' three diagrams. Chapter 3 explicates his view to the nature during this period and the concept of "conventionalization" which leads his early design through an analysis of his statements at the time.

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大会長講演では、次のような項目について話した。来談者中心療法と体験過程療法、最初のエ ンカウンター･グループ体験、エンカウンター・グループのメンバーとしての体験、グループ・ファ シリテーターとしての体験、エンカウンター･グループの企画と開催、私のエンカウンター･グ ループの実践と研究、エンカウンター･グループの今後の課題、フォーカシング技法との出会い、 フォーカシングの実践経験、フォーカシング・ワークショップの企画と開催、フォーカシングの 実践と研究及び訓練、フォーカシングの今後の課題、エンカウンター･グループとフォーカシン グとの協働などである。

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筆者は，2006年10月から2008年3月までの約1年半の間，アメリカ・シカゴのイリノイ大学シカゴ校薬理学科にて，特別訪問研究員として研究活動を行なった．ここでは，Dr. Masuko Ushio-Fukai 研究室おける血管新生と活性酸素依存的シグナル伝達調節に関する研究と，シカゴでの留学生活を紹介したい．

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In the modern era, the rise of industry, the birth of workers, and the rapid influx of population led to the formation of new industrial communities, which in turn caused a reorganization of “life” and “labor” according to a logic and system different than those that had previously obtained. The purpose of this study is to focus on this reorganization process and to clarify how work and life were understood, and by whom, and what position they occupied in the newly prevailing logic and systems. The research examines Japan and America during the Industrial Revolution.

Principally, the study examines who organized the “life” and “labor” of workers and how the reproduction of labor was accomplished. Specifically, it analyzes three categories of historical material : (1) Japanese “factory statistics”, historical materials from textile factories, and surveys by prefectural bureaus on social matters ; (2) the historical documents of textile factories in Lowell, Massachusetts, and of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union, Boston (WEIU) ; (3) Life and Labor, the journal of the National Women’s Union Trade League established in 1903.

Chapter II focuses on the formation of industrial areas in modern Japan and clarifies their regional characteristics. It reconstructs the world of daily life of male and female workers, notably in Tokyo’s Fukagawa district. Chapter Ⅲ considers the different factors among men and women influencing the reorganization of life and labor in modern Japan, focusing on historical changes in the lives of female workers.

Chapters Ⅳ and Ⅴ examines textile production areas in the state of Massachusetts in 18th‒ and 19th‒century America. Comparing these cases with those of Japanese female workers in their factories, the paper analyzes the world of women working in Lowell’s textile factories (Chapter Ⅳ). Next, it discusses changes in the labor market and local communities beginning in the mid‒19th century, when the number of migrant workers increased due to the women’s labor movement (Chapter Ⅴ).

Based on this research on Japan and the United States, Chapter Ⅵ shows that the actors who reorganized workers’ lives and work differed in the two cases. A discussion follows of the background for these differences, and the paper concludes with a presentation of the significance of and prospects for discussing “living” as an aspect of political‒economic history.

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A study of the residential structure of the American city has produced an increasing literature under the technique of factorial ecology. The study of large cities however is not enough compared to that of smaller cities because of the labor dealing vast information when taken a small area like a census tract as a observation unit.
The auther investigated the residential structure and its spatial pattern for the Detroit metropolitan area by performing factor analysis upon 1960 and 1970 census data. Change in the structure and pattern is also studied by comparing the extracted factors and factor scores obtained at different points in time.
The area studied is the entire Detroit Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. (Fig. 1) The census tract is employed as a observation unit. After omission and consolidation a total of 762 tracts constitutes the analysis in 1960 and 986 in 1970. 56 variables from population characteristics available in the U.S. census of population were selected for the study. (Table 1) The same variables were chosen in the analysis for both 1960 and 1970. They are classified into 10 major categories: (1) sex and age, (2) family and household, (3) marrige status, (4) race and ethnicity, (5) mobility, (6) labor force, (7) occupation, (8) working status, (9) education and (10) family income.
Product-moment correlation coefficients were computed for all variables. These matrixes were then subjected to principal factor method factor analysis. Eight factors were extracted in 1960 and nine in 1970, accounting cumulatively for 83% and 81% of the total variance respectively. Those factors were rotated to orthogonally to simple structure. Varimax rotation was employed. The matrixes of factor loadings are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
The 1960 factors were interpreted as follows: (I) Family Life Cycle, (II) Racial Composition, (III) Socio-economic Status, (IV) Women in Labor Force, (V) Eastern European Immigrants, (VI) Youth Predominance, (VII) Sexual Composition and (VIII) Italians. The first three factors accounted cumulatively for more than 60% of the total variance and there was a sizable difference in significance between each of them and each of the rest.
The 1970 factors were interpreted as follows: (I) Socio-economic Status, (II) Racial Composition, (III) Family Life Cycle, (IV) Women in Labor Force, (V) Residential Mobility, (VI) Eastern Europian Immigrants, (VIII) Sexual Composition, (IX) Youth Predominance/Italians. The first three factors were also observed as significant and accounted for about 58% of the total variance.
In order to test the relationship between 1960 and 1970 factors, correlation coefficients were calculated and are shown in Table 4. Factor I in 1960 has strong correlation to Factor III in 1970, Factor II in 1960 to Factor II in 1970, and Factor III in 1960 to Factor I in 1970. Therefore it was confirmed that the first three factors of both years, which were Socio-economic Status, Racial Composition and Family Life Cycle were the major stable factors that explain the residential differentiation of Detroit. Minor factors of each year do not correspond clearly with each other except the factors of Women in Labor Force and East European Immigrants, which are considered to be the stable minor factors.
The spatial patterns of the major three factors were then analysed. Prior to it the entire metropolitan area was devided into seven concentric zones numbered 1 through 7 from the C.B.D. outward and seven sectors numbered 1 through 7 from southwest to northeast, which made 49 cells. (Fig. 2) The spatial patterns of factor score distributions were examined by three steps. First, a series of analysis of variance were undertaken to judge objectively whether the factor score distributions of Socio-economic Status and Family Life Cycle correspond to concentric model or sector model.

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レーモンド夫妻の仕事においてノエミが果たした役割は大きい。ノエミは主にインテリアと家具を担当し，椅子，照明，テキスタイル，手すき和紙をデザインしてアントニンの建築に調和をもたらした。それぞれチェコ共和国とフランスにルーツを持ち，アメリカで絵画から建築までを追求した二人はフランク・ロイド・ライトと働き，アメリカから日本に渡り，東京でレーモンド建築設計事務所を開いた。1962年竣工の「軽井沢新スタジオ」は，今なおレーモンド・スタイルを完全に保存する唯一の作品である。所員だった北澤興一氏が受け継いだスタジオおよび所蔵品をデジタルアーカイブ化し，アントニンとノエミが実現したトータルデザインを明らかにした。

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