種々のセラミックスシルクが知られているが、アルミナ微粒子を含むアルミナシルクを用いて織物を製織した。その際、アルミナシルクと一般の絹との混用比率を変化させて試験布とし、物理的な性質を測定した。
　接触冷温感を示すq_max値はアルミナシルクを用いると小さな値となった。アルミナシルク100％とするよりも一般の絹と併用することで消費科学的な性能が良好になることが分かった。

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Seasonal changes and the vertical distributions of the water quality in Kawahara Lake were observed during Mar.-Sep. 2001. With progressing of thermal stratification in the lake, DO decreased gradually in the lower layer and the nutrients (NH₄-N, PO₄-P) released from bottom sediment.
On the other hand, in the middle layer of 3-5m depth, phytoplankton biomass grew and aggregated densely in the state of thin layer about 1 m thick. The dominant species of the phytoplankton in that layer is Gonyostomum semen. G. semen has the character of diel vertical migration. Then, its diel vertical migration was investigated by using the mesocosm.
As the results, it was able to be confirmed that its diel vertical migration received not only the photon flux density but also the influence of pH.

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This paper deals with the influences of lightness and pH on the diel vertical migration of the phytoplankton (Gonyostomum semen). By the field observation on the water quality in Kawahara Lake, it was found that the phytoplankton biomass, of which dominant species was Gsemen, grew and aggregated densely in the middle layer in summer season. The diel migration of aggregated layer of Gsemen was observed by using the mesocosm in the field. In the daytime Gsemen aggregated at the depth of about 3m and in the nighttime about 6.5m. The light density of the aggregated layer in the daytime was fairly lower then the optimum photon flux density for Gsemen. Accordingly the laboratory experiment by using the microcosm was conducted to make clear the controlling factor other than lightness. As the results of the microcosm experiment, it was found the diel vertical migration of Gsemen was influenced by higher pH than about 7.8.

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改正土地改良法(2001年6月)により、環境との調和に配慮した農業農村整備事業が強く求められることになった。しかし、従来型の整備による水田がすでに広範に存在する。これら整備済み水田地区においても、最小限の環境対策の実施が望まれるため、その一環として整備済み水田地区排水路における水生生物の成長過程を明らかにし、有効な対策の可能性を調査した。本研究は、茨城県筑西市の圃場整備済み水田地区の排水路を取り上げ、水路レベルを考慮した6調査地点において、2001年4月から2002年3月の間毎月1回定期的に実施した現地調査に基づき、水生生物の成長過程を検討し、以下のことを明らかにした。魚類は、オイカワが9月に、ドジョウが5月に当歳魚が出現した。トンボ類は、バグロトンボ幼虫が6月に、シオカラトンボ幼虫が5月および7月に羽化した。4種とも、非灌漑期になると採捕個体数が減少したことから、越冬地として本排水路系の下流部に湿地を造成することを提案した。

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One of the most important subject in the study on prosodic features of speech is how each of laryngeal control and expiratory control contributes to the changes in fundamental frequency and intensity of the glottal sound, and how these physiological controls relate to linguistic informations such as accent, intonation etc. . This paper reports "thyrometer", an optoelectric device for observing the laryngeal control in speech through the vertical movement of the larynx. A small mirror is put on the skin surface near the process of thyroid (or cricoid) cartilage of the speaker, and the incident light beam is projected on it from the front in the mid-sagittal plane. The vertical movement of thyroid (or cricoid) cartilage tilts the mirror, and swings the reflected light beam vertically in the mid-sagittal plane. The reflected light beam passes through a mask whose transmission coefficient varies along the vertical direction, so that the swinging angle of the beam is converted into the variation of light intensity. Then the transmitted light beam is focused through a convex lens on the photocell placed at the image distance of the mirror. Consequently, the vertical movement of the thyroid (or cricoid) cartilage is converted by this device into change in voltage (Fig. 1 and 2). When the mirror is put on a suitable position, a monotonic relationship is maintained between the swinging angle of the reflected light beam and the vertical movement of the thyroid (or cricoid) cartilage (Fig. 3). This method allows a highly sensitive recording of the vertical movement of the thyroid (or cricoid) cartilage in speech almost free from the obstruction of utterance with the simpler device. The time variation of the vertical movement of the larynx ("thyrogram") corresponds well with the fundamental frequency contour in the speech sample in which the stepwise change in pitch is considered to be attributed mostly to the laryngeal control (Fig. 7). It is noticeable that the thyrogram shows integrated rise and differentiated fall suggesting rather slow motion of laryngeal muscles in the rise of pitch and quick motion in the fall of pitch. In the utterances with word accentuation of Japanese (Fig. 8), the peak of the thyrogram appears near the end of the accented more in each word, and the thyrograms show the common underlying laryngeal control for the words having the same accent pattern, in spite of the fact that the fundamental frequency contours are interrupted at the unvoiced part and influenced by the articulation of the vocal tract and/or glottal gestures for consonants. The thyrograms also show the common underlying laryngeal control for the utterances with similar intonation of Japanese interrogative sentences (Fig. 9). In the differentiated thyrogram, active rise of the larynx can be seen at the beginning of the utterance and at the interrogative in the end of sentence. In the utterances of the Four Tones of Standard Colloquial Chinese, the thyrograms show the characteristic laryngeal control of each kind of tones (Fig. 10). Also observed with this method are the effect of some glottal gestures for the utterance of consonants and that of the articulation of vocal tract for each vowel on the movement of glottis, though the amount of the movement is less than that caused by the pitch control (Fig. 5 and 6). The neuromuscular coupling between the vertical movement of larynx and the function of laryngeal muscles controlling the fundamental frequency of glottal sound was examined based on the EMG data (Fig. 11) and the anatomical structure of larynx (Fig. 12). , The thyrohyoid muscle seems to relate to the pitch rise as well as upward movement of larynx while the sternohyoid and the sternohyoid muscles to the pitch fall as well as downward movement of larynx, although the activity of these extrinsic laryngeal muscles are considered to be a secondary support for pitch control.

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湿田の乾田化,用排水路の分離等によって農業の効率性を目指す従来の水田圃場整備に対して,生物多様性保全の観点から様々な問題が指摘されている.2001年6月に土地改良法が改正され,環境との調和に配慮した農業農村整備事業が強く求められることになった.コンクリート水路の土水路化,排水路と水田との連続性確保等の環境に配慮した事業は,生物にとっては望ましいが,現実には従来型の整備による水田が広範に残ることが予想され,これらの区域もまた地域全体の環境に大きな影響をもち続けると思われる.従って,整備済み水田地区において,少なくとも最小限の環境対策の実施が望まれ,その対策を効果的に行うためには,整備済み水田地区における水生生物の生息実態を知る必要がある.その知見は,将来実現が期待される冬季通水の具体的方法を検討する上でも有用である.本研究は,茨城県下館市の圃場整備済み水田地区の排水路を取り上げ,水路レベルを考慮した6調査地点において,2001年4月から2002年3月の間毎月1回定期的に実施した現地調査に基づき,水生生物が種類に応じて幹線,支線および小排水路にどのように分布しているかを,水路構造および非灌漑期における流水の有無に注目して検討し,以下のことを明らかにした.魚類については,オイカワが幹線排水路,ドジョウが支線および小排水路で多く採捕された.水生昆虫については,ハグロトンボが支線排水路,シオカラトンボが小排水路で多く採捕された.オイカワは幹線排水路のなかで,水路底が砂礫の地点で多く,コンクリートの地点で少なかった.ハグロトンボおよびシオカラトンボは支線および小排水路のなかで,1年中流水がある地点で多く,非灌漑期に流水がない地点で少なかった.逆に,ノシメトンボは小排水路のなかで,1年中流水がある地点で少なく,非灌漑期に流水がない地点で多かった.以上の調査結果から,水田圃場整備によって造成された排水路系は,水深,流速等に関して特徴ある物理環境を有する幹線,支線および小排水路から成っており,また水生生物がそれぞれの水路レベルに応じて生息していると解釈すべきことを明らかにした.今後,より一層整備済み水田地区を生物相豊かな環境にするためには,より多くの水路に1年中流水を確保すること,水路底をコンクリート化しないことが重要である.

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The rice grains ( Oryaa sativa L. Japonica, cultivar Koshihikari) harvested in Niigata prefecture in 1994 was soaked in water, and subjected to high pressure treatment at 400MPa for 10min. The rice thus high-pressure-treated was then boiled for cooking. The physical properties of the cooked rice were compared with those of a control rice with respect to the hardness, stickiness and conductivity immediately after cooking, and also with respect to those with time during the storage. The highpressure-treated rice exhibited higher stickiness than the control rice immediately after cooking, but it became harder than the control rice the next day. Furthermore, the high-pressure-treated rice exhibited higher conductivity immediately after cooking than the control rice, and the conductivity increased with time during the storage. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) indicated that the grains of the highpressure-treated rice were swollen by the high pressure treatment, with water effectively penetrating into the peripheral portion of each starch granule, and when such rice was cooked, deep vacant holes and thick walls of starch gel were formed in each grain. It has been confirmed that the rice subjected to such high pressure treatment, when cooked, is tasty even after becoming hard with time during storage.

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