This study assessed the relationship between evaluations of diagonal stride using the observational evaluation criteria (Igawa, 2021) based on the functional analysis of Göhner (2003) and competitive performance to examine the validity and reliability of the observational evaluation criteria.
Study participants were 23 male cross-country skiing coaches. The coaches were categorized into two groups: high school and above (n=10) and junior high school and below (n=13). Sixteen highly competitive cross-country skiers were observed and evaluated. Two trials of the diagonal stride for these athletes were videotaped and randomly edited into 16 trials of two sets of videos. The observational evaluation criteria consisted of eight items corresponding to the three functional phases of gliding motion (three preparatory, three main, and two transitional phases). Nine comprehensive evaluations were scored on a five-point scale. Gliding speed, cycle length, cycle rate, and time (800-m trial) of all trials were calculated. The observed participants were classified into the higher, middle and lower group using the mean and standard deviation of kinematic parameters. A two-way ANOVA was performed for each parameter and coaching target factors. The relationship between the evaluation scores for the same athlete's two trials was examined using correlation analysis.
The main results were as follows:
1) The main effects or simple main effects were significant for all nine observation items in the four parameters, regardless of coaching target factors. Both scores were high in the order of higher > middle > lower groups for gliding speed, cycle length, and time and middle > higher / lower groups for cycle rate.
2) A significant positive correlation was noted between the average values of all analysis items and for most evaluation items between the two trials for each athlete.
Thus, functional analysis results confirmed the validity and reliability of the observational evaluation criteria as an observational evaluation method for the gliding technique for diagonal strides.
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