詳細検索結果
以下の条件での結果を表示する: 検索条件を変更
クエリ検索: "ゲッソー"
4件中 1-4の結果を表示しています
  • 吉村 朋代
    法制史研究
    2018年 67 巻 472-474
    発行日: 2018/03/30
    公開日: 2023/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 長谷川 秀樹
    日仏社会学会年報
    1998年 8 巻 21-43
    発行日: 1998/11/10
    公開日: 2017/06/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Pierre Bourdieu prend l'Etat non comme <<appareil>>, mais comme <<champ>>, qui est composant de l'<<espace sociale>>, dans lequel la position d'un champ est disposee par des rapports des autres champs. L'Etat est le champ bureaucratique dans le celui du pouvoir de l'espace sociale. Bourdieu donne un regard sur le proces de genese historique du champ bureaucratique. Il dit que c'est la noblesse de robe, ancetre structurel des hauts fonctionnaires d'aujourd'hui et magistrats du ancien Parlement a qui le roi donnait un titre de noblesse, qui a construit l'Etat moderne et monopolise le pouvoir. La noblesse de robe a invente la notion du <<service public>> contre l'interet personnel ou familial du roi, combine cette notion a l'idee de la <<raison d'Etat>>, s'est identifiee au Etat et au public, et enfin legitimee sa conquete du pouvoir etatique. Bourdieu analyse la <<violence symbolique>> de l'Etat-champ bureaucratique. Cette violence legitime tous les classements et touter les classification. Mais l'effet de cette violence depend du capital symbolique>>. Il dit que l'Etat est detenteur monopole de la violence symbolique ou banque centrale du capital symbolique. Car l'Etat-champ bureaucratique se monopolise la legitimite de nomination officielle et la rite d'institution. La violence symbolique de nomination officielle d'Etat-bureaucratique permet tous les certificats, permis, brevet et signatures d'etre valable, et le rite d'institution fait reconnaitre toute les classifications bureaucratiques comme naturelles ou objectives. Bourdieu conclut que la nomination officielle et la classification bureaucratique est la legitimite essentielle de domination de l'Etat.
  • 片岡 貞治
    国際安全保障
    2014年 41 巻 4 号 1-18
    発行日: 2014/03/31
    公開日: 2022/04/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 安成 英樹
    史学雑誌
    1998年 107 巻 1 号 1-34
    発行日: 1998/01/20
    公開日: 2017/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to analyze quantitatively the careers of the intendants de province (intendants de justice, police et finances) by adopting the method of prosopography. The intendants have been regarded as an important mechanism in local administration in France. Given extensive competence and stationed in the intendance, they wielded the powerful local control. They were commissaires who were appointed by the king, and the royal government was able to dismiss them at any time. This is different from the officeholders (officiers) who purchased government posts (offices) under the venality-system and were irremovable. In recent years, however, it has been questioned whether their local administration was effective in practice, because the intendants themselves came from the maitres des requetes, that is to say, the officeholders. To clarify this subject, the author makes a comprehensive examination of 317 intendants nominated from 1661 until the French Revolution, focusing upon their past careers and courses of promotion. In most cases, a great majority of intendants started their careers as conseillers of sovereign courts, especially Parlement de Paris, that were the higher officeholders. However, future intendant took up the post of conseiller in his youth and his term of office was exceedingly short. He then assumed the office of maitre des requetes as soon as possible and began his administrative career. Maitres des requetes were of couse officeholders who formed the corps, but they were subject to the influence of the Crown, which cultivated them as faithful magistrates to the king. They became habituated to the operations of royal government and accumulated practical experience and knowledge needed for local administration in the Conseil du roi. The Crown selected its most trusted and competent agents from them. Several intendants advanced to higher positions in the administrative bureaucracy such as conseillers d'Etat, controleurs generaux des finances, and secretaires d' Etat. Therefore, intendants certainly were recruited from officeholders, but the womb from which the intendants came, namely, maitres des requetes, took on a particular character unlike other officeholders, and new factors such as loyalty, talent and experience were taken into consideration at the time of their nomination. Consequently, intendants and maitre des requetes formed a caste of new ruling elites, as the system of recruitment of intendants germinated the modern bureaucracy.
feedback
Top