Since merchandise is a concept and does not physically exist in nature, the essential nature of merchandise cannot be clarified in a way that is generally considered scientific. To solve this problem, we have tried to abstract the “structure that makes people feel that way” that is common when people “feel that this is merchandise” in a way that does not specify the field or type of the merchandise, through phenomenology. When a person has “(a) knowledge of the ‘existence’ of ‘it’ as what ‘it’ is,” “(b) knowledge that ownership, namely sovereignty, of ‘it’ can be transferred among people by means of buying and selling, or ‘exchange,’” and “(c) knowledge that someone's future that the person assumes will be more comfortable by being related to ‘it,’” and these pieces of knowledge, or beliefs, are simultaneously present in the person's consciousness, “it” is constituted from these knowledges and appears to the person's consciousness as the structure called “merchandise.” This new perspective can trigger a paradigm shift in product-related disciplines and actual practices related to merchandise, such as new product creation/development or sales.

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我々は先に, Paecilomyces varioti BAINIER var.autibioticusから産出された抗真菌性抗生物質であるパリオチンのアルコール溶液の臨床効果をしらべ, かなり良好な成績を得たが1), このたび本剤を軟膏にしたものを日本化薬株式会社から提供を受け, 臨床的に試みたので結果を報告する。
パリオチン軟膏は, プラスチペース50Wを基剤とし, 1g中にパリオチン3,000単位, 塩化ペンザルコニウム1mgを含有している。
使用方法は, 1日1～2回患部に塗擦, またはガーゼにのばして貼布した。 なお, 本剤による治療中は, 他の薬剤または理学的療法等の併用は一切おこなわなかつた。
使用した症例は, 検鏡によつて菌が証明されたもののみを選んだ。
効果の判定は, 主として臨床所見によつて決定し, 著効 (+) は臨床的にほとんど治癒し, 菌が証明できなくなつたもの, 有効 (++) は臨床症状の一部は残つているが, 経過の良好なもの, 軽快 (+) はある程度軽快を示しながら, その後好転を示さないもの, 無効 (-) は全く変化がないか, または却つて病状の悪化したものである。

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Objective: The use of generic products is a solution to the increasing healthcare cost in Japan. The pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop several generic products suitable to patient’s taste. The contribution of pharmacist by selecting generic product to each patient and a collection of patient’s opinion for products may accelerate the development of generic products improved usability for patients and medical workers. The present study examined the storage of generic products of sennoside in pharmacies and the patient preference for selection of generic products in 2003 and 2016 in Kumamoto, Japan.

Methods: Sennoside was selected as a model drug, since it developed several generic products for long period. The survey on storage of sennoside pharmaceutics and the questionnaire survey for its generic products to patients were conducted at ethical pharmacies. The appearance and the dissolution of sennoside from generic tablets were compared with original product, Pursennid.

Results: Thirteen sennoside products were stored in 2003 and 2016. The number of pharmacies that stored generic products increased from 33 to 54% in 13 years. The largest number of patients preferred Pursennid in 2003. In contrast, two generic products were more preferred than Pursennid in 2016. Interestingly, the reasons for preferring products were almost the same between 2003 and 2016, and their majority was color and size of tablet. The generic products tend to have a thinner thickness and larger diameter than Pursennid. The most preferred generic product in 2016 showed a faster dissolution of sennoside than Pursennid. However, the use of generic products is mainly related to their tablet appearances due to unrelation between the pharmacological effect of sennoside and its dissolution in GI tract.

Conclusion: In the development of generic products of sennoside, as well as quality, the appearance is an important factor.

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This research proposes an analysis streetscape near how to see the pedestrian, and analyzes the streetscape in urban space. The research method is as follows. First, the actual image in the direction of facade of street in which it paid attention to visual structure is expressed by computational graphic. Secondarily, the mesh is set to the image, three elements that construct the streetscape of "color", "material" and "function" are extracted, this analysis technique is evaluated, in addition, the case study is done on an actual street. The result is as follows. The composition ratio of three elements showed the characteristic of the street, and these showed the relation to a city function of the street well. It has been understood that ups and downs and the projection of the "color" show the diversity. of the walking space from color distribution of facade.

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This study examined the current frequency of teatime snack and beverage consumption and dietary behaviors among Malaysian university students to develop an effective method for delivering nutritional education workshops aimed at preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Surveys on dietary habits and teatime snack and beverage consumption were administered to 208 students at the Universiti Tenaga Nasional.

The survey on dietary habits revealed that the subjects had a good understanding of the association between exercise and health as well as the importance of diet. However, they had a poor understanding of sugar intake, and reported that they thought it was not easy to select beverages that contain less sugar and to be careful of excessive sugar intake.

The survey on teatime snack and beverage consumption demonstrated a high frequency of water intake among the subjects. The frequency of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) that contain sugar or condensed milk, such as tea (with condensed milk or sugar) and Milo, was also high. In contrast, the intake of unsweetened beverages such as tea (without sugar), coffee (without sugar), green tea (without sugar), and Chinese tea (without sugar) was less frequent. The findings suggest that to prevent NCDs, effective nutritional education workshops for Malaysian university students should focus on the basic knowledge of sugar and beverages, include visual aids and tasting activities that help understand level of sugar content and the amount of sugar contained in beverages, and include activities that enhance the “perceived behavioral control”. We aim to focus on resolving these challenges in future interventional nutrition education workshops targeting Malay university students.

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2019年10月に愛媛県今治市とその周辺で犬を飼育している人100名を対象として後発動物用医薬品に関するアンケート調査を実施した。後発医薬品の存在を知っている人は80%近くに及んだが，その定義は十分には理解されていなかった。また，動物用医薬品にも後発医薬品があることを知る人は50％に満たず，医療用医薬品の場合と比べると認知されていないことが明らかになった。自身が飼育する犬に後発動物用医薬品を使用したいと考える飼い主はおよそ50％で，後発医薬品に肯定的な飼い主がこの薬に求めるのは低価格であることに集約された。一方，後発医薬品に否定的な飼い主も15％ほどは存在し，その理由は効果が低いと考えていることであった。後発医薬品の製造販売承認の取得にあたっては臨床試験は必要とされていないが，製造販売業者は動物の飼い主に対して効力を証明するデータを提供することが望まれる。

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A receipt is given when merchandize is purchased. A receipt is as a proof of purchase only a little piece of paper but plays a great and important role. Receipts were, therefore, collected in this study in order to develop teaching materials for consumer education. Teaching materials using receipts were analyzed and the contents of the education were investigated. From the results of the analysis and the investigation, concrete teaching materials were shown such as how to interpret and make receipts.

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これまでコミュニケーション教育(教育におけるコミュニケーションを含む)の実践に関する哲学的・理念的討議があまりに少なかったという認識に基づき、「CAJコミュニケーション教育研究会」は、コミュニケーション教育が立脚すべき理念・哲学・理論の可能性を、コミュニケーション学および隣接する学問分野の専門家との対話によって模索しております。コミュニケーション教育科目を担当する講師が、それぞれの経験則に基づいて無批判に話し上手・聞き上手を育てていくということの繰り返しを省察し、理念的・哲学的・理論的な討議を通じ、地に足の着いたコミュニケーション教育の実践のための基盤作りを目指しております。今回の特別パネルでは、公共哲学の第一人者の山脇直司氏をお迎えし、公共の概念、公共哲学が目指しているものなどについて語っていただいた後に、指定討論者、そして参加者の皆さんとともに、「公共性」「パブリック」という視点から公共哲学とコミュニケーション教育との接点を探りたいと考えました。大学等でPublic Speakingを教えている方に、publicをどう捉えたらよいのかといったことを考えていただくきっかけにもなると考えました。また、コミュニケーション研究者およびコミュニケーション教育実践者であるわれわれが、公共哲学の第一人者とパブリック・コミュニケーションを実践する場としても捉え、特別パネルを開催しました。

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