In this article, we consider how a scripture of the Qur'an has been received by Muslims. My interest is focused on a prayer of
Isti'adhah which is used as a refuge from Satan, beseeching Allah's assistance.
Isti'adhah, composed of '-
w-dh, is found in 17 places of the Qur'an and covers three scriptural roles which Graham indicated: (1) scripture in public ritual, (2) scripture in devotional and spiritual life, (3) magical and superstitious use of scripture. There are three main modes of the receptions,
i. e. interpretations, of
Isti'adhah.
First,
Isti'adhah is used in Muslim daily life as a spell which has various kinds of effects, an especially strong effect as a cure. It is because both
Surah 113 and 114, called
Mu'awwidhatani, begin with
Isti'adhah. There are a lot of
Hadiths, for example in
Sahihayni, reporting that Muhammad used the
Mu'awwidhatani for a cure.
Secondly,
Isti'adhah is recited before
Qira'ah according to Qur. 16:98, though there was an argument whether it should be recited before or after
Qira'ah.
Mufassirun interpreted this action as preparation for
Qira'ah, especially as purgation.
Thirdly,
Isti'adhah of Qur. 16:98 was interpreted by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, at the beginning of his
tafsir “
Mafatih al-ghayb”,
i. e. at the interpretation of the
Surah Fatihah, as a prayer which makes a reciter head for union with Allah and reach the situation just before obliteration of self. This is the most spiritual interpretation of
Isti'adhah.
Isti'adhah in the Qur'an is, as I mentioned above, understood in various ways of interpretation,
i. e. modes of reception.
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