1．はじめに

ブロックチェーンと聞くとビットコインなどの暗号通貨を連想する人は多いのではないだろうか。ブロックチェーンは仮想通貨の取り引きを実現するために提案された技術であるが，近年では非金融分野にも活用されている。その中でキーワードとなっているのがNFT（Non-Fungible

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One of the most important operations for pharmacists is drug management. Specifically, pharmacists need to carefully and strictly manage and record narcotic drugs according to the “Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law”, which places both operational and mental burdens on medical staff. In this study, we verified the practicality of the “Shachihata Authentication Management Program” system, which can identify minute non-uniformity in print, for the management of Fentanyl Injection ampules individually and for visualization of them in hospital. To evaluate accuracy of the system, 300 Fentanyl Injection labels were registered and authenticated. Then to verify traceability, each Fentanyl Injection label was registered when stocking in drug safe for narcotic drugs, then they were authenticated when dispatched to wards and operation rooms, when returned to the pharmacy as non-used, and when disposed as used at the pharmacy. As a result of evaluation of accuracy, all 300 ampules were completely identified individually. The traceability of all 189 ampules, which were stocked in drug safe during the study period, was certified individually in hospital. Additionally, the system could record and output the data in the format of narcotic drug accounts, and revealed a stagnation of ampules in drug safe in the operation room. Furthermore, the time required to register or authenticate per one ampule was about 10 seconds. The results indicate that the system realized the traceability of Fentanyl Injection individually in real-time in hospital, suggesting that the system contributes to appropriate individual management for strictly managed drugs without operational and mental pressure.

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The long afterglow phosphor SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ with various particle size and shape were prepared by solid state reaction at 1200~1500°C for 3 h. In the synthesis, five kinds of α-Al₂O₃ were used as the starting materials, whose particle size ranged between submicron and a hundred micron orders. The peak intensity of excitation and emission spectra and the afterglow life time depended on the size of calcined particle, showing the higher performance with the larger particle size. SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ synthesized using the alumina with a few micron size of primary particle but forming 50 μm of secondary particles showed high particle growth rate even at the low calcination temperature of 1200°C, giving almost the similar particle size until at 1500°C. Accordingly, the phosphorescence property was also independent on the calcined temperature. On the other hand, SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ prepared from the alumina with 0.1~0.5 μm of dispersed particles depended largely on the calcined temperature, showing the highest performance for the samples prepared at 1400~1500°C. The large particles with smooth surface were effective for the high emission and afterglow properties.

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Various global environmental problems are caused by the volume consumption of fossil resources. As a solution to these problems, the development of wood plastic composites (WPC) and natural fiber reinforced plastics (NFRP) as substitutes for oil-based plastic is being furthered. However, the investigation of the environment resistance of injection molding products made from only wood-based material as a basic study of WPC and NFRP has not been carried out. In this study, a basic examination of resistance to water, heat-drying and light was performed on injection molding products made from only steamed bamboo powder. The results show that the products did not deteriorate after soaking in water for two weeks. Sectional area and weight increased after soaking in water, but they decreased by more than 10% after air-drying. Vickers hardness decreased after soaking in water, but it recovered after air-drying. Heat-drying at 80℃ for two weeks did not change the appearance of the products markedly. However, shrinkage between 4% and 8% was observed and weight decreased by about 5%. On the other hand, Vickers hardness and bending strength increased. By irradiation with ultraviolet rays, the color and shape of the products did not change markedly, but brightness markedly increased.

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It is important to use reusable plant resources effectively from the viewpoint of the reduction in carbon-dioxide emission and the sustainable use of resources in the future. In this study, injection molding using only steamed bamboo powder by means of an industrial machine was carried out as a basic study of the formation of wood plastic composites (WPC) and natural fiber reinforced plastics (NFRP) of high wood ratio. First, as an injection feature, pressure behavior in injection was investigated and the effects of the temperatures of the nozzle and cylinder and injection speed were examined. Secondly, injection molding was attempted, and the effects of nozzle temperature and injection speed on injection molding properties and the bending strength of the products were examined. The results show that the injection molding properties improved with increasing temperature of the nozzle and cylinder, and that it was possible to inject materials by adjusting the temperature of the material to 150℃ or more. Moreover, it was possible to realize good product filling into a mold perfectly under appropriate conditions. Also, it was possible to realize products with a bending strength exceeding 40MPa.

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【緒言】同意書は私文書であるので，署名があれば押印がなくても文書の真正を推認する点で差はない．押印欄廃止に向けて，押印の必要性についての意識を調査した．【方法】医師，看護師，患者に，同意書に関する意識等を尋ね，押印の法的意義を説明した後，意識の変化を調査した．【結果】外科医24名，看護師35名，患者20名から回答を得た．同意書押印欄の不備を経験した外科医は８名33％，看護師は18名51％であった．対処方法は，両群とも患者拇印が最多で，患者押印，家族押印が続いた．法的説明後は，同意書には署名のみ必要と考える者が増加した．医療従事者では，押印を廃止すべきとの意見が増加したが，患者では病院次第であるとの考えが多かった．【結語】同意書での押印要求は，法的に不要なだけでなく，拇印の半強制などの不適切な事項の原因になる．廃止について患者の不安の増強もなく，同意書の押印欄廃止を早急に図るべきである．

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In order to clarify fracture initiation and propagation in unconsolidated sand, we carried out hydraulic fracturing tests in laboratory focusing on moderate-permeability sand. Silica sand with particle size of about 100 μm has been generally used as the simulated formation materials in laboratory fracturing experiments. Permeability of such sand is high in the order of few darcy. Thus we mixed finer particles of kaolinite with sand, and finally succeeded to prepare the mixture of sand and kaolinite with permeability of about 5 mD. We layered the mixture in a mold to form a cubical specimen of 200 x 200 x 200 mm³. At fracturing tests, the specimen was set in a loading frame of a newly-developed test system. Tri-axial compressive stresses of 2∼3 MPa were applied to the specimen. Fracturing fluid of a machine oil with viscosity of 300 cP was pumped by a constant rate of 10∼100 mL / min into a simulated borehole of a steel pipe which was buried vertically in the specimen, and then the fluid flew out inside the specimen passing through the slit of the steel pipe. After the tests, we excavated the specimen bit by bit and observed how the fracturing fluid invaded into the specimen.
The laboratory tests demonstrated that fracture-like parting / fracture formation at macro scale was induced in the specimen by fluid injection. During fracture propagation, the pore pressure in the vicinity ahead of fracture tip seemed to increase due to fluid invasion. Fracture patters were obviously changed with injection flow rate. Lower injection flow rate led to a single and straight fracture and higher injection rate led to branching fractures, while in all cases, overall alignment of fractures was in the direction of the maximum horizontal compressive stress. Such phenomena are different from those observed in competent rocks.

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The aim of our project is to develop a design method that integrates expert knowledge with user-side kansei. In this study, as an example of a designed product, we extract design rules for the grip of a stamp. First, an experiment is conducted to obtain data for the usability and accurateness of sealing. Secondly, design rules on the grip shape of the stamp are extracted from this dataset by decision tree analysis. The results show that [1] the shape of the stamp grip affects stamping performance and leads to systematic bias, [2] especially in right-handed people, who tend make a stamp seal with a shift toward the upper right direction, along with a clockwise rotation and a blurring of the right side of the stamp mark, and [3] the key design areas of a stamp are the contact face of the thumb and the thickness of the bottom.

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