Tetraploid plant (
n=18) of insect flower (
Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Bocc.) were successfully brought up by the treatment with colchicine in 1947, and these were cultivated during 1947 to 1953 in comparison with the diploid with following results:
1) The dimensions of the stomata was larger in the tetraploid than the diploid and there was a stochastically significant difference. The number of stomata per field of vision was smaller in the tetraploid than the diploid, there being also a significant difference.
2) The size of the flowers was larger and the number of ray flowers was more numerous in the tetraploid than the diploid, there also being a significant difference.
3) The content of pyrethrin in the air-dried flowers was also larger in the tetraploid than the diploid, there also being a significant difference. This fact shows the possibility of increasing the content of effective principles in medicinal plants by the artificial chromosome doubling and thereby the breeding superior varieties.
4) No significant difference was observed in the content of pyrethrin I and II between the tetraploid and diploid plants.
5) It was stochastically confirmed that the pyrethrin content of dried flower decreased by storage.
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