The objective of this research is to demonstrate the function of the city space based on how it has affected the transformation of social structure in Bangkok, Thailand, by examining modernisation projects conducted during the reign of Rama VI (1910–1925) from the viewpoint of nationalism and by spotlighting domestic and international affairs.

 Offering a definition of the spaces that were used for experimenting with the introduction of modernisation as ‘experimental spaces for modernisation’, two such projects are highlighted in the research. One is a modern miniature city ‘Dusit Thani’, hereinafter referred to as ‘DT’, where experimentation was conducted to introduce modern systems. Another is ‘The Plan for the Siamese Kingdom Exhibition’, hereinafter referred to as ‘SKE’, which planned on presenting the space from the perspective of the Siam Kingdom.

 By analysing these projects, the following three points were clarified.

 First, it was revealed that DT worked as a bridge that helped people to connect the current state of the Siam Kingdom with the ideal picture of modernised politics and society, while SKE worked to make people believe that the current state of the Kingdom represented the ideal picture of a modernised country.

 These real-world projects made it possible to provide affinity and homogeneity in Thai society and contributed to creating fictitious concepts as reality. These spaces came about because the Siam Kingdom at the time was a non-colonized modernising country. As a result, these experimental spaces for modernisation demonstrated the modern national statue, which was the ideal of the Siam kingdom.

 Second, one of the intentions of DT and SKE was to prevent a coup d’état internally, and one of the intentions of SKE was to externally prevent colonisation by presenting a picture of a modernised country. These experimental spaces for modernisation attempted to show that the Siam Kingdom was modernised nationwide as it was an absolute monarchy and a non-colony. In other words, the experimental spaces for modernisation were expected to prevent movement against the ideal modern state image.

 Lastly, DT and SKE indicated that the experimental space for modernisation and the adaptation of the concept of ‘population survey · map · museum’ related to the ideal modern national statue emerged. In other words, Rama VI, the ruler of DT, SKE and the existing society, attempted to make it clear to domestic and foreign parties that he could govern the ideal modern state. Therefore, in the process of forming nationalism, the experimental spaces for modernisation were attempting to demonstrate the legitimacy of the political situation, and the rulers of the existing society of an unmodernised country were appropriate for governing even after modernisation was achieved.

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This article aims to identify changes in the locations of Japanese military facilities in Bangkok and analyze Thailand’s reactions. In the initial stage of the war, many Japanese soldiers went through Bangkok on their way to the front lines. Although most of them left Bangkok within a few months, Bangkok became the headquarters of the Japanese army in Thailand when the Thailand Garrison Command was installed in 1943. Thereafter, Bangkok’s function as the main base for the Japanese Army gradually increased before reaching its peak at the end of war.

The Japanese barracks and other facilities in Bangkok were concentrated in Pathumwan, Bang Rak, and Yannawa districts in the inner area and Phra Khanong and Dusit districts in outlying part of the city. Many public facilities such as schools were used by the Japanese army in Pathumwan, which resulted in the largest number of garrisons and soldiers being located there. Bang Rak had fewer soldiers and garrisons, but functioned as the Japanese Army Headquarters in Thailand. Many Western firms’ wharfs in Yannawa were occupied by Japan as enemy property. The Bangkok port and Bang O garrison in Phra Khanong and Sanam Pao and Chat Songkhro School in Dusit also played important roles.

With limited success, Thailand requested return of several sites that Japan used without permission. However, Japan tried to evacuate its bases to suburban areas to prevent air raids from 1944, causing problems, as Thailand wished to concentrate them in specific areas. Therefore, Thailand tried to minimize damage but not to refuse all requests by Japan. As a result, the number of Army facilities in Bangkok did not increase substantially in comparison to the skyrocketing number of soldiers in the last stage of war.

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The purpose of this paper is to contribute for curriculum development in education of the area of students' residence in Japanese overseas school for geographical education attached importance to Students' “international understanding education”. In order to get this purpose the auther caught what students of Japanese school in Bangkok talked about thinking of the area of their residence, 1) living in Bangkok, 2) image of Thailand (about Thai culture—Thai cooking, Thai language), 3) image of South East Asia.
The results were as follows, 1) Having lived in Sukhumvit Road, the students have hardly come in contact with Thai culture and people. They have lived in only Japanese community in Bangkok. 2) There is their individual difference whether they have taste for Thai cooking. But they all feel very hot in Thailand. And studying Thai language is difficult for almost Japanese students, except some of Thailand-born Japanese. 3) They show a friendly feeling for the countries around Thailand, Malaysia, Shingapore, Indonesia, in the friendly relations between Japan and South East Asia.
It is nessesary for all Japanese people in Bangkok to try to understand culture and society about the area of their residence, because Japanese students are menber of Japanese community in Bangkok, which exerts a influence upon their understanding of the area of residence. The other hand, in Japanese school, the teacher should develop instructional materials for education about culture and society of the area of their residence positively. Besides it is effecitve to take up such their cross cultural experience as they employ Thai maid or Thai driver at home.
Japanese school's curriculum and practice, developed in difffferent regions all over the world, will be good for curriculum development in geographical education coped with “internationalization”

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工業化が進展するアジア各国では、グローバル化と国際分業の動きがすでに顕著となり、政府も社会基盤整備や貿易の自由化によって産業集積のさらなる拡大を望むようになっている。このため国土・地域政策の働きかけが弱まり、大都市圏の肥大と地域格差の拡大が進行する恐れがある。本報告では、21世紀初頭の産業立地の政策と実態について、製造業による高度成長が続くタイを事例に、政府の地方分散政策に対し製造業立地が実際にどの程度分散されたのかを中心に分析し報告している。分析の結果、政府の地方分散政策に沿って製造業の地方分散が多少進んだものの、1997年の経済危機以降、2000年代の分散政策の弱まりに合わせて大都市圏周辺部への集積が再び高まり、地方圏への進出は相対的にさらに小さくなったことなどが明らかとなった。またこの傾向は高付加価値産業を担う日系企業で特に顕著で、2000年代の地方分散政策の変化を強く反映していると考えられる。

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The objectives of this research is to demonstrate that street stall operations that are conducted in street spaces of structure unique to Bangkok, Thailand and forms part of the informal sector, supports the livelihood of many urban migrants, and is closely related and integral to daily life, particularly eating habits and dwelling types, of urban dwellers in the city.
The results of the on-site survey conducted in Sukhumvit Area reveal that street stalls located along Soi of dead-end streets basically are required for daily life particularly for maintenance of unique eating habits. To maintain the lifestyle unique to Thais, it is necessary and important to maintain street spaces of unique structure for street stall operation by not placing uniform restrictions as premises for excluding the street stalls in the informal sector but in accordance with site-oriented and flexible guidelines.

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