Organization of items has strong impact on the usability of hierarchical menu systems. Menus should be designed so that their structures are consistent with user expectations in order to avoid breakdowns in human-system interaction towards any particular functions. Regarding this issue, we focus on dependency structure which captures syntactic connections among elements involved in individual function performances. A set of "interaction primitives" is introduced and extended as the description scheme to analyze the dependency structure within each function, resulting in a small set of patterns named "common structures". A new method is proposed utilizing these structural patterns to generate a menu hierarchy so that the user can easily derive solutions to identify the locations of untried or unfamiliar functions from past experience of searching similar functions in it. An experiment was conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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