The birth of “A Just Russia” was a significant event in national and regional elections of 2007. It was taken as a milestone to bring a change to Russian political party system that predominance of “United Russia” continued on. Some researches discussed the possibility of the two-party system that the left faction confronted the right-center, and the other expressed deep concern over the danger that political party system in itself would be strictly operated by administrative power.
In recent years, the camp that takes politico-sociological approaches appeared. For example, the group of Richard Rose does not overvalue a temporary change in support variation for Russian political regime. They never concentrate their interests on administration elite's behaviors only. Its analysis clarifies how Russians recognize the political regime. This perspective helps to deepen understandings what kind of role political party play to be expected. In Russia, preference of voters has been quite floating. The voters have been unlikely to ballot on cleavages and positive party support. Does the appearance of new left-center party cause a change for Russian political party system? Russian government began to build ruling party system in rapid political changes. The Presidential office took the leadership to organize“A Just Russia”. However, it is not definite if the interferences in the parties consolidate Russian political party system or not. Because the power of ruling parties deeply depends on the authority of the Federal President, and Russian voter's preference also is based on retrospective voting for President's achievement.
In this article, I will analyze “A Just Russia” which attracted keen attention in the result of 2007 elections. This article primarily aims to examine why “A Just Russia” should have been formed, moreover, I presume that the question is likely to be a good scope finding a particularity of Russian political party system. “A Just Russia” is the successor of “Party of Life” under Sergei Mironov; the chairman of the Federal Council. The new party formation was not irrelevant to the support for “Rodina” declining and the reforms of Russian federalism. Although preference of Russian voters shifted into left position since the latter half of 2004, this change in voting behavior was the outcome of retrospective voting against social benefits reform beginning from June 2004.
To clarify these, I mainly analyze on the process of the new left-center party formation and the result of regional parliamentary elections performed since the forth election of State Duma.

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Crimes are mirrors of society. This article analyzes the contents of the Russian criminal statistics that began to be released to the public from the end of the Soviet era and examines the changes of the Russian society behind the crimes.
There are three particular periods when crimes in Russia rapidly increased from 1982 to 2002. The first period is 1983, one year after the general secretary Brezhnev died. In 1983, the number of thefts remarkably increased, but the increase rate is not as prominent as the other two periods. The second period is 1989-1992, before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the number of crimes increased because morality and social order collapsed due to the following: introduction and expansion of the market economy, the social maladaptation of the returned soldiers from Afghanistan, and the confusion brought by the collapse of the Soviet Union. From 1989 to 1992, atrocious crimes such as murders, rapes and robberies especially increased. The third period is 1998-1999. The financial crisis in 1998 deprived millions of people of their savings and wages. From 1998 to 1999, the number of robberies, thefts and drug-related crimes increased. After Putin was officially elected as president of Russia in 2000, however, the crime rate increase slowed and, crimes started to reduce in number in 2002.
Today the most serious crimes are crimes related to drugs, psychotropic medicines and deadly poisons. Drugs such as heroin and poppy seeds come to Russia mainly from Afghanistan and Tadzhikistan through Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz and Turkmenistan, and the part of them flows out to Ukraine and Western Europe. Drugs are expanding to smaller cities in Russia, not to mention the large cities. A large number of crimes, including drug-related crimes, are rapidly increasing in Khabarovsk, Tyumen', Ekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Novosibirsk, and so on. Of late, the number of crimes in Moscow is more than that in Sankt-Peterburk. Behind that, there exist movements of Russian Mafias.
The unemployment rate rose after the collapse of the Soviet Union and became the highest in 1998 (13.2%) . The number of crimes, criminals and prisoners increased in proportion to the unemployment rate. Moreover, the number of crimes caused by the unemployed especially increased. This phenomenon, of course, was related to the economic conditions behind it. Among the young, those who don't go to school and have no job, increased in number and they tend to commit crimes such as robberies and thefts. In 2002, the number of crimes in Russia reduced a little, but the number of murders and drug-related crimes were larger, and the number of thefts were smaller compared to America, Japan, Britain, France and Germany. It seems that a large amount of illegal drugs flows underground in Russia.
Now not only does the Russian government have to reinforce anticrime and anti-Mafia measures, but also have to reinforce the redistribution of wealth for the week, to promote national welfare, to regulate corruption of government officials and to promote tax collection in order to reduce the number of crimes. To do so, first of all, the government must further develop the economy and accumulate wealth.

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