Cryoablation is one of the potential modalities for tumor destruction and has some special characteristics. It is pain free. The entire frozen area (iceball) is clearly visible on MR and CT images. Hospital stay is very short (two or 3 days). In this century, many papers on renal cryoablation have been published. They report that cryoablation is a safe and effective modality for small renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There are however few papers on the midterm results. The technical success rate has ranged from 94 to 100%. Tumor free survival rate around 2 years ranged from 83% to 96%. When tumors are smaller than 3 cm, one, 3, 5 year tumor free survival rates are 98, 96, and 96% respectively. Recent complication rate is around 12% and serious complication rate is 6-8%. Most common complications are hemorrhage and hematuria.
Recently, High-pressure argon based cryoablation system was approved by the Japanese Health Welfare and Labor ministry for small renal cell carcinoma. The cryoablation system is safe and effective not only for RCC but also hepatocellular carcinoma, uterine fibroid, symptomatic bone tumor, etc.
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