In this paper, I examine the relationship of Biblical interpretations of Judaism and the Syriac Church Fathers (until the Amoraic era or the 4th century) by comparing interpretations or images of Moses in the golden calf story in the Book of Exodus Chapter 32. This story was very controversial even in Judaism, and was often used by Christianity for attacking Judaism.
In all interpretations mentioned in this paper, Moses is always respected and he is not held responsible for the event. In addition, Moses in Jewish interpretations plays a very important role akin to that of God for the Israelites, and he even criticizes God for His blame for the story. The Syriac Church Fathers also describe Moses as God for Israelites; they sometimes use the Jewish interpretation, while also depriving him of his Jewishness and setting him in Christendom.
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