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  • 横山 孝一
    群馬高専レビュー
    2017年 36 巻 27-38
    発行日: 2018/03/26
    公開日: 2022/03/11
    研究報告書・技術報告書 オープンアクセス
    This paper is a comparative study on Lyman Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) and its musical movie version The Wizard of Oz (1939), referring to other movies like The Wiz (1978) and Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), TV series Emerald City (2017), several Japanese translations, and four graded reader versions published by Oxford, Compass, Macmillan, and IBC.
    It consists of six sections: 1) The Contrast of the Gray Kansas and the Colorful Oz World (Baum’s intentional gray versus color expressions are reflected in the famous switch from the black-and-white Kansas scenes to the color ones of the Land of Oz in the first Technicolor movie, whose technique the recent Disney film has imitated with the help of upgraded technology. One Japanese translator, however, somehow missed the keyword "gray," and two out of the four graded reader writers omitted it). 2) Are Munchkins Abnormally Small? (Although Baum did not describe Munchkins as abnormally small, in the musical movie they were played by dwarfs from all over the United States. This movie’s influence has been so powerful that not only Oz the Great and Powerful but also three graded readers seem to follow suit). 3) Why Does Dorothy Want to Return to Kansas? (Dorothy explains to the Scarecrow, saying "there is no place like home" in the original book, which is faithfully repeated in the 1939 movie fortified with Aunt Em’s motherly devotion to the girl. Yet, this important phrase is not included in Compass and Macmillan). 4) How Japanese Translators Had Difficulties Translating "I"s of the Main Characters (Quite different from English, the Japanese language has several counterparts of "I," depending on his or her personality, so Japanese translators had to interpret each character’s personality. Motoyuki Shibata, ex-Tokyo University professor of American literature and one of the leading novel translators in Japan, uniquely chose "watashi" for "I"s of Oz, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion, presumably because they are symbolically parts of one man). 5) Is Emerald City Not Green? (In Baum’s book, Dorothy and her companions are made to wear green glasses, which Oz himself later admits to be his trick to make the city look greener. The movies show the Emerald City is really green enough as the young Oz in the 2013 Disney film says, "It’s a good thing my favorite color is green." The graded readers, with the exception of IBC which is almost always true to the original plot, have two different simplifications: the green spectacles are necessary because the city is not green at all, or such glasses are unnecessary since, as in Oz the Great and Powerful, Emerald City is actually filled with greens. Oxford and Compass chose the former, and Macmillan the latter). 6) The Limitations and Defects of Graded Readers (Except IBC, the graded readers excluded the final journey to meet Glinda, which turns out to be the abridged versions’ characteristic imperfections. Though the final part of Baum’s original book may appear to be redundant, it is full of unique characters, two of which are the fighting trees in the 1939 movie and China Girl in the 2013 one).
    The conclusion is that Lyman Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and the 1939 film version are now so closely related that both have mixedly influenced the later productions, including movies, Japanese translations, and even graded readers (Like Judy Garland, Oxford’s Dorothy wears "red shoes" instead of the Silver Shoes) .
  • 原 英一
    英文学研究
    2008年 85 巻 164-168
    発行日: 2008/11/28
    公開日: 2017/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
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