Tan Kim Ching was a Straits Hokkien merchant in Singapore who was called “my faithful agent” by Siamese King Mongkut in the middle of 19th century. This article examines Tan Kim Ching's political and economic activities in relation to Siam during the reigns of Kings Mongkut and Chulalongkorn, which have not been verified by Nathawut's work in Thailand focussing on Tan Kim Ching as the Siamese consul general in Singapore. Such research in Singapore as Song Ong Siang's work also shed light on Tan Kim Ching's political, social and economic activities in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula, but there is little reference to Tan's relationship to Thailand.
Two points are discussed here. First, Tan Kim Ching's political roles related to Siamese Kings and their governments can be grasped not only in the official sense of a consul general and a governor of a southern Siamese province, but also in a private of King Chulalongkorn calling himself “Your sincere friend” of Tan Kim Ching in his correspondence. Secondly, Tan Kim Ching's exporting enterprise and rice mill in Bangkok played vital roles in the development of the Bangkok rice business. The former was a well-known exporter of the best quality rice in Bangkok, Siam No. 1 white rice, to the Singapore market, as well as a forerunner to milling white rice. His rice mill was well managed, producing high quality rice under the guidance of a Chinese rice milling expert and a trained European engineer.
Certainly Tan's success in the Bangkok rice business was partly due to his connection to Siamese Kings, but a more crucial factor was his strategy for exporting and milling high quality Thai rice, which was very suitable to the tastes of Chinese and European resident of Singapore, enabling him to sell at much higher prices than either Saigon or Rangoon rice.
Tan Kim Ching, as a Straits merchant, has often been ignored as a Chinese capitalist in the context of Thai capitalist development, although he played an important role in the development of the Bangkok rice business. In order to further the research on the development of the Thai economy and intra-Asian trade during the late 19th century, it is necessary to study vital political and business activities like those of Tan Kim Ching transcending present national borders.

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本稿は，チャオプラヤ・デルタにおける水管理の変遷と社会の関係を描き出す試みである．20世紀前半の開発は，デルタ全体を一つの灌漑システムへと再編するものであった．このシステムは，雨季の灌漑(水の均等な配分），乾季の灌漑(選択された地域への給水)，雨季の洪水防御(指定氾濫地域への導水)という三つの目的を持つ．これらの三つの機能は，それぞれ絡み合いながら歴史的に発展してきた．だが，1990年代に進行した農業変化と産業化にともなって，三者の葛藤は顕在化しつつあり，水管理に新たな課題を突き付けている．

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 Amphawa canal community is chosen for this paper to represent another idea of how community response to the change from the townscape preservation project of the traditional community. Since 2001, many development project was launched by public and private sectors. With the cooperation of the community, the modification of traditional building as homestays is one approach initiated by community to stimulate the use of traditional buildings and to sustain the way of life of people in the community for support economic community in the area.
 The interviews of local people (users) who have transformed their houses to homestays from the beginning of the restoration plans in 2001 to 2013 aims to create better understanding from the users' points of view on the modification of their traditional living houses to tourist accommodation and homestays along Amphawa Canal.
 Homestay houses along the Amphawa Canal possess timeless architectural heritage with unique features and in material used, together with roof, door and window design, and ventilator style. From the users' points of view (homestay's owner) in Amphawa reflect a mutual concern to create recreational cultural activities for visitors in line with conservation of local identity of the place. Follow sustainable ecotourism concepts, all homestay owners aim to share cultural wisdoms and knowledge of their community with the tourists while also preserving original characteristics and authenticity of the buildings and environment.
 From the study show that ecotourism has pay important role in the community after the rehabilitation of the Amphawa floating market in early 2004. The changes occur in the Amphawa communities are tend to change for survival community which are key important for historical and cultural sites shown. It was found that the rehabilitation. in communities along the Amphawa canal in Thailand are bottom up process by activity model. The management in the community is modified to survive the cultural community by people in the community as the operator. The homestay experiences have supporting collaboration in community; the traditional ritual, place authenticity and identity, for example the morning food offering activity for the monk who rowing boat or walking pilgrimage along the canal, Boat tour, Fireflies sightseeing boat trip, etc.
 Even though follow the interview data, there has not been clearly controlled or subsidies support the modification of identity value of water based community in waterfront areas. These may affect to the changes of waterfront landscape. Furthermore, to control and maintain, survived and to protect the traditional water based community from many threatened by the Business and globalization, high competition of the accommodation which affects the images of the place, Still, it is essential to support protection activity especially in term of policy and regulations to protect the valuable places and important of culture material and maintenance, which is likely to limit in this community.
 In conclusion, a case study of Amphawa canal community with the use of the activity model by homestay. The approach that show the important of the water-based way of life can be survive through the strong of community participation. However, from this paper, it would be possible to point out that there are challenges between economic scale and regional scale. As current situation, the economic scale to control for business base on ecotourism. Then, the regional scale to sustain and keep identity of the place. By these two scale, it can be said this is the success of homestay business in Amphawa. This could be another idea of cultural conservation on traditional community, not only for conserve traditional building design but also sustain and succeed local identity through the cultural activities, traditional celebrations and local way of life.

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