In this article, as a part of the study on the social structure of the Qing era Mongolian banners, the author discusses the way of assigning "da tabunangs (chief tabunangs)" and their functions in the Qaracin banners of Inner Mongolia. In the Qaracin banners "da tabunangs" were assigned to each sub-group of tabunangs who belonged to the same patrilineal line. The author studied the duties of "da tabunangs" by classifying them into two categories: duties at ordinary times and duties at the time when legal actions were launched. During ordinary times, "da tabunangs" performed such duties as compiling and reporting the genealogical tables of the tabunangs under their jurisdiction and reporting the names of tabunangs who "left home to become monks", heirs of noble titles and the financers of the emperor. Furthermore, they were responsible for reporting and investigating tabunangs' criminal actions and inquiring into the presence of tabunangs who defected from their communities or who gave shelter to illegal Chinese immigrants. On the other hand, on the occasions when legal actions were launched, they were obliged to conduct investigations into relations to tabunangs for the banner court. Then it was observed that da tabunangs were dispatched for cases where a tabunang was on trial, while, for a commoner's case a commoner officer was sent. In other words, the officer responsible for investigation was selected and appointed based on his social rank. This means that the administrative system of Qaracin Mongols reflected their social structure, which consisted of noble tabunangs and their commoner subjects

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Jarruci is generally regarded as a judge; however, the post included not only judicial duties but also management of census registers and fiscal administration. Although the relation of census registers to jarruci has not attract researchers' attention to date, it is a matter of no small importance in the structural fabric of the Mongol Empire. In the Secret History of the Mongols, there is a description of the origin of jarruci. It seems that Cinggis Qan decreed to share out people to his clan and establish jarruci at a time. It shows that the jarruci's two duties were interrelation, that is to apportion qubi (assigned territories, people and possessions) shared out among the imperial princes and to try transgressors by jarru. The nomadic groups multilayeredly formed by sharing among the Cinggised lines and dominant noyans were called ulus. One ulus corresponded to each jarruci's jurisdictional limits. Jarruci's administrative role was closely connected to the structure of the Mongol Empire composed of multilayered uluses. From superordinate ulus to subordinate ulus, sharing olja (spoils) were shared as qubi. At the connecting points of such a multilayered social structure, jarruci apportioned qubi justly, and kept order among the ulus. Jarruci investigated olja and reported the results to the qan of his ulus, then carried out the apportionment of qubi as ordered by the qan. At the same time, jarruci were dispatched from subordinate ulus to superordinate ulus to ensure qubi of his ulus. Jarruci, in other words, redistributed qubi inside their own ulus and as a dispatched offical ensured qubi outside their own ulus. Ulus and ulus, sedentary territories and nomadic territories were connected by jarruci, and thereby the Mongol Empire was able to maintain a certain degree of uniformity as a single state.

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　清代のモンゴル（一六三五～一九一一）は、清朝が導入した「盟旗」という軍事行政組織によって統治されていた。しかし、盟旗組織下におけるモンゴルの諸地域社会には、地域的・歴史的特性が存在した。本論文は、一九世半ばから二〇世紀初頭までのオトグ旗に着目し、同旗の社会構造と同旗における裁判の実態を解明しようとするものである。

　まず、オトグ旗の社会構造について、行政組織と身分秩序を中心に概観した。旗内ではザサグと旗衙門が権力の中心と、それ以外の旗内の領域は地方（「周辺」）と、それぞれ位置づけられていた。旗衙門には役人が交替制で勤務し、案件処理を含んだ日常行政を担っていた。地方にも役人が存在し、旗衙門から遠く隔たった地域の行政を処理していた。また、オトグ旗には「ジャルグチ」というモンゴル固有の役職も存在し、主に漢人に関わる業務を担当していた。これらの役人と並んで、地方では貴族の身分を持つタイジが平民に対して権勢を振るっていた。

　次いで、裁判事例の分析を通して裁判の実態を記述した。すなわち離婚や家畜をめぐる争い、不法に拘束された事件、人命（自殺）に関わる案件を紹介し、分析した。これらの事例によれば、民事的性格の強い案件は地方で、刑事的性格の強い事案は旗衙門で処理される傾向にあった。ただし、民事的性格の強い案件は全てが公権力による裁判によって処理された訳ではなく、地方において仲裁や調停によって処理されることもあったことも指摘された。

　第三に、地方と旗衙門における裁判の流れについて記述したうえで、当時の裁判実務が孕んでいた問題点とそれに対する盟の対策について論じた。盟の対策においては、第一に、訴訟は現状のやり方と異なり、まず原告の所属する蘇木の蘇木章京に提起すべきものとされた。これによって蘇木章京→扎蘭章京→梅林章京→旗衙門（ザサグ）という軍事行政組織とその官僚序列を基盤とし、案件の難易度に応じて段階的に序列の下方から上方へと持ち送りがなされる裁判制度が整えられた。対策においては、第二に、地方にいる、裁判権を付与されていないタイジや役人による「私的な裁判」の禁止がなされた。

　最後に、本論文で得られた知見をまとめたうえで、清代のオトグ旗の社会構造と裁判の実態が同時代のアラシャ旗やハラチン右翼旗の場合と比べてどの点で異なるのかについて略述した。

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