Since coaching aims to improve a player’s performance, it is necessary for the coach to tailor his/her method to the individual, especially when the learner is a child. This study focuses on the case of a tennis coach’s approach to training his daughter, who later became a professional player.

 The author looks back on her first year playing tennis, her training program, the advice her coach gave her, and the resulting emotional and technical changes this advice triggered in her.

 The objectives of the coach’s approach included the following:

① Appealing to the player’s senses through imagery

② Extracting individual elements from complex movements, and training each one separately, so that the player could focus on one element at a time

③ Discussing the purpose and result of each day’s practice session, and the player’s impression of the day.

 Through this approach, the player was delighted to improve more quickly than she would have without coaching. This rapid improvement encouraged her curiosity to explore new techniques, and motivated her to devote more of her time and energy to tennis.

The purpose of this study was to clarify perspectives of teaching and evaluating table tennis services: how to display a player’s movement to his/her opponent. This study was done as a part of a 5-year period of competition support using sport sciences.

The main results and findings were as follows:

1) In table tennis service, when serving a ball far from or near to the net on the receiver’s court, there was often a difference in the first bound placement on the server’s court and the height of the ball-hitting position. Furthermore, when serving a ball to the right or left of the receiver’s court, the direction of the server’s trunk often differed between the courses. These were considered important perspectives for teaching and evaluating table tennis service of top Japanese junior players.

2) The check sheet made in this study to improve the similarity of service movement between different kinds of services was effective for top Japanese junior table tennis players, even for first-time participants. Future subjects of this check sheet would expand to include other coaches and players of varying competitive levels.

3) A comparison between the check sheet of table tennis service movement and table tennis textbooks indicated that the check sheet gave new practicable insights into coaching for improving service: how to display a player’s movement to his/her opponent.

In this paper, we propose a method to critically understand the characteristics of contemporary urban space by creating a new map with applied design of “Edo-kiriezu”, which is a kind of large-scale picture maps produced by one of major map publishers in Edo period in Japan.

In Chapter 1, we summarize the history of “Edokiriezu” and consider the meaning of it. “Edo-kiriezu” is a series of guide maps that can be carried around, which was widely used at the time. Published and sold during the Edo period（ 1603 to 1868）, especially “Owariya version”, which was released in 1849 and sold until 1870, was widely known for its vivid color design. It was useful not only as a practical navigation map but also as a souvenir for Edo city. It is still used as a collection to old map collecters and also used as a material to study Edo city.

In chapter 2, we describe the results of analyzing color usage of Owariya version “Edo-kiriezu”. In addition to being deformed into a form far apart from the geographically accurate, the “Edo-kiriezu” is characterized by its vivid color usage. We focused on the coloring of “Edo-kiriezu”, measured the proportion of a specific color occupying the map printed area, and compared the figures with other “Edo-kiriezu”. As a result, we found that the color showing the road is less scattered than the color showing the water surface, the green area. It can be inferred that the “Edo-kiriezu” is designed so that the amount of the road on the drawing surface is a constant ratio, regardless of the region or the range shown, and this is an important element for creating the character of “Edo-kiriezu”.

In chapter 3, we describe the process of “Modern Edo-kiriezu” for university campus and current Tokyo urban area. What was clarified by the production is that most existing elements in modern cities did not exist in the Edo period, and we need to apply roads and buildings to the “Edo-kiriezu” schema in order to draw them. For that purpose, we interpreted the meaning of elements and distinct to express it as a drawing picture. This view was also to capture modern cities from the viewpoint of pedestrians, which is characteristic of the Edo period. We also studied the design to make maps look like “Edo-kiriezu”. It turned out that the color usage on the picture works strongly on it.

In Chapter 4, we present a summary of this research and discuss how the process of making “Modern Edo-kiriezu” is an opportunity to critically capture and review urban space and urban landscape.

    The purpose of this study was to investigate how coaching based on HUT for tackling would affect playersʼ tackling characteristics during a game, and to inspect ways on improving tackling skills for players with experience of multiple concussions, which would result in obtaining beneficial material for coaching. Head impacts on football players include direct association to brain and spine injury, and chronic injuries such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). So, all tackles attempted by the targeted player (who has had multiple concussion experiences) during the 2016 and 2017 seasons and before and after HUT intervention executed in the 2017 season were analyzed. A total of 25 coded tackles were compared in terms of “tackling characteristics” to examine the effect of HUT intervention on improving safe tackling skills. The result revealed that (1) the “Posture” and “Leverage” in “Pre-contact phase” was improved after HUT intervention. (2) the “Type of tackle” in “Contact phase” was improved after HUT intervention. (3) all categories of “Post-contact phase” was improved after HUT intervention. Therefore, intervention of the HUT program may improve tackling skills even with a player with experience of multiple concussion. This result of the study is seen to be an effective and useful material for coaching safe tackling skills.