Ratnakarasanti, who flourished around the end of the 10th and the beginning of the 11th century during the final period of Indian Buddhism, was introduced as one of the Siddhas in the
Caturasitisiddhapravrtti (Song and Histories of the Eighty-Four Buddhist Siddhas), and was familiar with both the
paramitanaya and the mantranaya. He was the keeper of the east gate of Vikramasila Monastery, one of six gatekeepers. In the present paper, the author will treat the
Kusumañjali—the commentary by Ratnakarasanti on the
Guhyasamajatantra (GST)—as the primary source for understanding how Ratnakarasanti interpreted the GST. On the composition of GST, the author will attempt to establish the relationship among the three kinds of tantra—
hetutantra,
phalatantra, and
upayatantra—and the
angacatustaya or
caturvidha-upaya-seva,
upasadhana,
sadhana, and
mahasadhana. According to the
Kusumañjali, Ratnakarasanti interpreted the term “
guhyasamaja” as referring to “
bhagavad-mahavajradhara” and to the GST. The author will attempt an investigation of the formation of the GST through an analysis of a recent interpretation and descriptions in the GST (chapter 18, verse 24,
pada c and d).
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