I examined the logic of the festival management in the Edo-era with citing a festival of Imamiya Shrine(今宮神社) which is the Guardian God of the Nishijin(西陣) area, in this report. As a result, as for the logic of the festival management maintenance, “Kokaku(古格)” and “Kyu-rei(旧例)” that is “a tradition(仕来)” greatly acted, but it was intended to maintain whole constitution of the Imamiya festival(今宮祭), and I’ve cleared that the tradition was destroyed as far as the maintenance was accomplished.

抄録全体を表示

This paper considers the relationship between festivals and their surrounding regional societies by investigating the realities of urban festivals in the late early-modern period in Kyoto. The paper focuses specifically on the Imamiya-matsuri festival, celebrated in the Shinto shrine of Imamiya. The early modern urban festivals were held collectively by local communities (mainly neighborhoods) that became core organizations. While these communities cooperated with each other, there were also cases of unequal hierarchies that resulted in rivalry between the communities. Following this fact, this paper focuses on “manners in which people and organizations participating in the festivals as well as their activities are related through spatial expansions in related regions,” defined here as the “spatial structure of the festivals.” In addition, considering the realities of the local communities in early modern Kyoto, I set up a three-tiered regional scale using the macro-meso-micro model, and sought to understand the spatial structure of the festivals at each level.

As a result of the examination, the following characteristics of the spatial structure of the early modern festivals became clear: First, it is not sufficient to study the spatial structures of these festivals solely as planar multi-layered structures as was done in the past. This is because each region possesses complex stratifications in which realities of such relationships as hierarchy, cooperation, and rivalry differ. Next, as the regional scale progresses from the macro to the micro, we see a strengthening of the “magnetism” in which the local communities (neighborhoods) that organized the festivals cooperated with or were in rivalry with one another. It also became clear that within these relationships of rivalry, there existed predetermined harmonious relationships that appeared regularly every year and served to enliven the festivals when seen from a broader perspective. At the same time, there also existed antagonistic relationships that appeared spontaneously and caused intense confrontation. The latter type of rivalry was included implicitly within hierarchical relations.

In the future, it will be necessary to conduct other case studies and discover more universal principles regarding the relationship between festivals and their surrounding region/regional society.

抄録全体を表示

　本研究は，近世における「町」共同体の空間構造と社会構造を解明し，わが国の風土や伝統の中で育まれてきた都市居住のシステムを描き出すことを課題とするものである。近世の町人地においては，高密度居住ながら比較的成熟した都市生活が営まれていたが，それは近世「町」共同体に代表される空間構造と社会構造によって支えられていた。本研究はこうした都市居住システムを，京都・大阪・奈良の3都市に求め，住宅・都市生活・居住地経営・居住地管埋などの側面から多角的に検討しようとするものである。研究の方法は史料研究を基礎としつつ実地調査を併用している。まず近世都市に関する史料の中から本研究の課題に即して多数の史料を収集し，それを都市居住の観点から整理した。史料数は「町定」約120点，「水帳絵図」約100点，「町触」約400点，証文類約300点など1000点に達する。また具体的な空間と関連させて史料を検討するため，入手史料との対応を考慮しつつ，遺構の現地調査も行ない，近世の地割り，町並み，建築状況の参考とした。つぎに3都市の個別「町」のモデルとして，京都の山鉾町，大阪の船場，奈良の奈良町を取り上げ，居住システムを報告した。いずれの都市においても「町」共同体による自治的な運営が行なわれ，居住地の生活管理や空間の維待管理が有機的に運用されるシステムが整備されていた。こうした住民による自律的な居住地管理は日本の都市史上注目すべき歴史的事実であると考える。一方で3都市の居住システムには微妙な差異をみせるが，その背景には3都市の「町」共同体の成立事情や人口構成などが介在していることを思わせる。本年度は3都市の都市居住システムについて個別の「町」の概略を紹介し，簡単な比較を試みたが，次年度では，分類項目を横断的・編年的に相互比較して，近世「町」共同体における都市居住システムの全体像を明らかにしたい。

抄録全体を表示

On this part of the paper, the Jurakutei-Castle has been studied from the viewpoint of the history of Japanese architecture by the use of the Folding-Screen Picture of the Jurakutei-Castle and the Rakuchu-Ezu (A.D. 1637, the oldest measured map of Kyoto) that has been discovered recently. And the contents are the following : Chap. 1 A short history of the Jurakutei-Castle from the construction to the ruin; Chap. 2 The planning on the Jurakutei-Castle; Chap. 3 The buildings in the Jurakutei-Castle; that is, Tenshu-kaku (donjon), Hiroma (main hall), Ohte-mon (main gate), and Buke-yashiki (Samurai's residence). As the result of this study, on the one hand the Shoin-style had been completed in this Jurakutei-Castle, and on the other hand the planning of this Jurakutei-Castle built on flat land seems to have been the model of another castle-town. The Jurakutei-Castle was exactly the symbol of the age.

抄録全体を表示